diff --git a/Software/Adafruit_NeoPixel.cpp b/Software/Adafruit_NeoPixel.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..12e47612
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Software/Adafruit_NeoPixel.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,3474 @@
+/*!
+ * @file Adafruit_NeoPixel.cpp
+ *
+ * @mainpage Arduino Library for driving Adafruit NeoPixel addressable LEDs,
+ * FLORA RGB Smart Pixels and compatible devicess -- WS2811, WS2812, WS2812B,
+ * SK6812, etc.
+ *
+ * @section intro_sec Introduction
+ *
+ * This is the documentation for Adafruit's NeoPixel library for the
+ * Arduino platform, allowing a broad range of microcontroller boards
+ * (most AVR boards, many ARM devices, ESP8266 and ESP32, among others)
+ * to control Adafruit NeoPixels, FLORA RGB Smart Pixels and compatible
+ * devices -- WS2811, WS2812, WS2812B, SK6812, etc.
+ *
+ * Adafruit invests time and resources providing this open source code,
+ * please support Adafruit and open-source hardware by purchasing products
+ * from Adafruit!
+ *
+ * @section author Author
+ *
+ * Written by Phil "Paint Your Dragon" Burgess for Adafruit Industries,
+ * with contributions by PJRC, Michael Miller and other members of the
+ * open source community.
+ *
+ * @section license License
+ *
+ * This file is part of the Adafruit_NeoPixel library.
+ *
+ * Adafruit_NeoPixel is free software: you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as
+ * published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the
+ * License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * Adafruit_NeoPixel is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ * License along with NeoPixel. If not, see
+ * .
+ *
+ */
+
+#include "Adafruit_NeoPixel.h"
+
+#if defined(TARGET_LPC1768)
+#include
+#endif
+
+#if defined(NRF52) || defined(NRF52_SERIES)
+#include "nrf.h"
+
+// Interrupt is only disabled if there is no PWM device available
+// Note: Adafruit Bluefruit nrf52 does not use this option
+//#define NRF52_DISABLE_INT
+#endif
+
+#if defined(ARDUINO_ARCH_NRF52840)
+#if defined __has_include
+#if __has_include()
+#include
+#endif
+#endif
+#endif
+
+/*!
+ @brief NeoPixel constructor when length, pin and pixel type are known
+ at compile-time.
+ @param n Number of NeoPixels in strand.
+ @param p Arduino pin number which will drive the NeoPixel data in.
+ @param t Pixel type -- add together NEO_* constants defined in
+ Adafruit_NeoPixel.h, for example NEO_GRB+NEO_KHZ800 for
+ NeoPixels expecting an 800 KHz (vs 400 KHz) data stream
+ with color bytes expressed in green, red, blue order per
+ pixel.
+ @return Adafruit_NeoPixel object. Call the begin() function before use.
+*/
+Adafruit_NeoPixel::Adafruit_NeoPixel(uint16_t n, int16_t p, neoPixelType t)
+ : begun(false), brightness(0), pixels(NULL), endTime(0) {
+ updateType(t);
+ updateLength(n);
+ setPin(p);
+#if defined(ARDUINO_ARCH_RP2040)
+ // Find a free SM on one of the PIO's
+ sm = pio_claim_unused_sm(pio, false); // don't panic
+ // Try pio1 if SM not found
+ if (sm < 0) {
+ pio = pio1;
+ sm = pio_claim_unused_sm(pio, true); // panic if no SM is free
+ }
+ init = true;
+#endif
+}
+
+/*!
+ @brief "Empty" NeoPixel constructor when length, pin and/or pixel type
+ are not known at compile-time, and must be initialized later with
+ updateType(), updateLength() and setPin().
+ @return Adafruit_NeoPixel object. Call the begin() function before use.
+ @note This function is deprecated, here only for old projects that
+ may still be calling it. New projects should instead use the
+ 'new' keyword with the first constructor syntax (length, pin,
+ type).
+*/
+Adafruit_NeoPixel::Adafruit_NeoPixel()
+ :
+#if defined(NEO_KHZ400)
+ is800KHz(true),
+#endif
+ begun(false), numLEDs(0), numBytes(0), pin(-1), brightness(0),
+ pixels(NULL), rOffset(1), gOffset(0), bOffset(2), wOffset(1), endTime(0) {
+}
+
+/*!
+ @brief Deallocate Adafruit_NeoPixel object, set data pin back to INPUT.
+*/
+Adafruit_NeoPixel::~Adafruit_NeoPixel() {
+ free(pixels);
+ if (pin >= 0)
+ pinMode(pin, INPUT);
+}
+
+/*!
+ @brief Configure NeoPixel pin for output.
+*/
+void Adafruit_NeoPixel::begin(void) {
+ if (pin >= 0) {
+ pinMode(pin, OUTPUT);
+ digitalWrite(pin, LOW);
+ }
+ begun = true;
+}
+
+/*!
+ @brief Change the length of a previously-declared Adafruit_NeoPixel
+ strip object. Old data is deallocated and new data is cleared.
+ Pin number and pixel format are unchanged.
+ @param n New length of strip, in pixels.
+ @note This function is deprecated, here only for old projects that
+ may still be calling it. New projects should instead use the
+ 'new' keyword with the first constructor syntax (length, pin,
+ type).
+*/
+void Adafruit_NeoPixel::updateLength(uint16_t n) {
+ free(pixels); // Free existing data (if any)
+
+ // Allocate new data -- note: ALL PIXELS ARE CLEARED
+ numBytes = n * ((wOffset == rOffset) ? 3 : 4);
+ if ((pixels = (uint8_t *)malloc(numBytes))) {
+ memset(pixels, 0, numBytes);
+ numLEDs = n;
+ } else {
+ numLEDs = numBytes = 0;
+ }
+}
+
+/*!
+ @brief Change the pixel format of a previously-declared
+ Adafruit_NeoPixel strip object. If format changes from one of
+ the RGB variants to an RGBW variant (or RGBW to RGB), the old
+ data will be deallocated and new data is cleared. Otherwise,
+ the old data will remain in RAM and is not reordered to the
+ new format, so it's advisable to follow up with clear().
+ @param t Pixel type -- add together NEO_* constants defined in
+ Adafruit_NeoPixel.h, for example NEO_GRB+NEO_KHZ800 for
+ NeoPixels expecting an 800 KHz (vs 400 KHz) data stream
+ with color bytes expressed in green, red, blue order per
+ pixel.
+ @note This function is deprecated, here only for old projects that
+ may still be calling it. New projects should instead use the
+ 'new' keyword with the first constructor syntax
+ (length, pin, type).
+*/
+void Adafruit_NeoPixel::updateType(neoPixelType t) {
+ bool oldThreeBytesPerPixel = (wOffset == rOffset); // false if RGBW
+
+ wOffset = (t >> 6) & 0b11; // See notes in header file
+ rOffset = (t >> 4) & 0b11; // regarding R/G/B/W offsets
+ gOffset = (t >> 2) & 0b11;
+ bOffset = t & 0b11;
+#if defined(NEO_KHZ400)
+ is800KHz = (t < 256); // 400 KHz flag is 1<<8
+#endif
+
+ // If bytes-per-pixel has changed (and pixel data was previously
+ // allocated), re-allocate to new size. Will clear any data.
+ if (pixels) {
+ bool newThreeBytesPerPixel = (wOffset == rOffset);
+ if (newThreeBytesPerPixel != oldThreeBytesPerPixel)
+ updateLength(numLEDs);
+ }
+}
+
+// RP2040 specific driver
+#if defined(ARDUINO_ARCH_RP2040)
+void Adafruit_NeoPixel::rp2040Init(uint8_t pin, bool is800KHz)
+{
+ uint offset = pio_add_program(pio, &ws2812_program);
+
+ if (is800KHz)
+ {
+ // 800kHz, 8 bit transfers
+ ws2812_program_init(pio, sm, offset, pin, 800000, 8);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ // 400kHz, 8 bit transfers
+ ws2812_program_init(pio, sm, offset, pin, 400000, 8);
+ }
+}
+// Not a user API
+void Adafruit_NeoPixel::rp2040Show(uint8_t pin, uint8_t *pixels, uint32_t numBytes, bool is800KHz)
+{
+ if (this->init)
+ {
+ // On first pass through initialise the PIO
+ rp2040Init(pin, is800KHz);
+ this->init = false;
+ }
+
+ while(numBytes--)
+ // Bits for transmission must be shifted to top 8 bits
+ pio_sm_put_blocking(pio, sm, ((uint32_t)*pixels++)<< 24);
+}
+
+#endif
+
+#if defined(ESP8266)
+// ESP8266 show() is external to enforce ICACHE_RAM_ATTR execution
+extern "C" IRAM_ATTR void espShow(uint16_t pin, uint8_t *pixels,
+ uint32_t numBytes, uint8_t type);
+#elif defined(ESP32)
+extern "C" void espShow(uint16_t pin, uint8_t *pixels, uint32_t numBytes,
+ uint8_t type);
+#endif // ESP8266
+
+#if defined(K210)
+#define KENDRYTE_K210 1
+#endif
+
+#if defined(KENDRYTE_K210)
+extern "C" void k210Show(uint8_t pin, uint8_t *pixels, uint32_t numBytes,
+ boolean is800KHz);
+#endif // KENDRYTE_K210
+/*!
+ @brief Transmit pixel data in RAM to NeoPixels.
+ @note On most architectures, interrupts are temporarily disabled in
+ order to achieve the correct NeoPixel signal timing. This means
+ that the Arduino millis() and micros() functions, which require
+ interrupts, will lose small intervals of time whenever this
+ function is called (about 30 microseconds per RGB pixel, 40 for
+ RGBW pixels). There's no easy fix for this, but a few
+ specialized alternative or companion libraries exist that use
+ very device-specific peripherals to work around it.
+*/
+void Adafruit_NeoPixel::show(void) {
+
+ if (!pixels)
+ return;
+
+ // Data latch = 300+ microsecond pause in the output stream. Rather than
+ // put a delay at the end of the function, the ending time is noted and
+ // the function will simply hold off (if needed) on issuing the
+ // subsequent round of data until the latch time has elapsed. This
+ // allows the mainline code to start generating the next frame of data
+ // rather than stalling for the latch.
+ while (!canShow())
+ ;
+ // endTime is a private member (rather than global var) so that multiple
+ // instances on different pins can be quickly issued in succession (each
+ // instance doesn't delay the next).
+
+ // In order to make this code runtime-configurable to work with any pin,
+ // SBI/CBI instructions are eschewed in favor of full PORT writes via the
+ // OUT or ST instructions. It relies on two facts: that peripheral
+ // functions (such as PWM) take precedence on output pins, so our PORT-
+ // wide writes won't interfere, and that interrupts are globally disabled
+ // while data is being issued to the LEDs, so no other code will be
+ // accessing the PORT. The code takes an initial 'snapshot' of the PORT
+ // state, computes 'pin high' and 'pin low' values, and writes these back
+ // to the PORT register as needed.
+
+ // NRF52 may use PWM + DMA (if available), may not need to disable interrupt
+ // ESP32 may not disable interrupts because espShow() uses RMT which tries to acquire locks
+#if !(defined(NRF52) || defined(NRF52_SERIES) || defined(ESP32))
+ noInterrupts(); // Need 100% focus on instruction timing
+#endif
+
+#if defined(__AVR__)
+ // AVR MCUs -- ATmega & ATtiny (no XMEGA) ---------------------------------
+
+ volatile uint16_t i = numBytes; // Loop counter
+ volatile uint8_t *ptr = pixels, // Pointer to next byte
+ b = *ptr++, // Current byte value
+ hi, // PORT w/output bit set high
+ lo; // PORT w/output bit set low
+
+ // Hand-tuned assembly code issues data to the LED drivers at a specific
+ // rate. There's separate code for different CPU speeds (8, 12, 16 MHz)
+ // for both the WS2811 (400 KHz) and WS2812 (800 KHz) drivers. The
+ // datastream timing for the LED drivers allows a little wiggle room each
+ // way (listed in the datasheets), so the conditions for compiling each
+ // case are set up for a range of frequencies rather than just the exact
+ // 8, 12 or 16 MHz values, permitting use with some close-but-not-spot-on
+ // devices (e.g. 16.5 MHz DigiSpark). The ranges were arrived at based
+ // on the datasheet figures and have not been extensively tested outside
+ // the canonical 8/12/16 MHz speeds; there's no guarantee these will work
+ // close to the extremes (or possibly they could be pushed further).
+ // Keep in mind only one CPU speed case actually gets compiled; the
+ // resulting program isn't as massive as it might look from source here.
+
+// 8 MHz(ish) AVR ---------------------------------------------------------
+#if (F_CPU >= 7400000UL) && (F_CPU <= 9500000UL)
+
+#if defined(NEO_KHZ400) // 800 KHz check needed only if 400 KHz support enabled
+ if (is800KHz) {
+#endif
+
+ volatile uint8_t n1, n2 = 0; // First, next bits out
+
+ // Squeezing an 800 KHz stream out of an 8 MHz chip requires code
+ // specific to each PORT register.
+
+ // 10 instruction clocks per bit: HHxxxxxLLL
+ // OUT instructions: ^ ^ ^ (T=0,2,7)
+
+ // PORTD OUTPUT ----------------------------------------------------
+
+#if defined(PORTD)
+#if defined(PORTB) || defined(PORTC) || defined(PORTF)
+ if (port == &PORTD) {
+#endif // defined(PORTB/C/F)
+
+ hi = PORTD | pinMask;
+ lo = PORTD & ~pinMask;
+ n1 = lo;
+ if (b & 0x80)
+ n1 = hi;
+
+ // Dirty trick: RJMPs proceeding to the next instruction are used
+ // to delay two clock cycles in one instruction word (rather than
+ // using two NOPs). This was necessary in order to squeeze the
+ // loop down to exactly 64 words -- the maximum possible for a
+ // relative branch.
+
+ asm volatile(
+ "headD:"
+ "\n\t" // Clk Pseudocode
+ // Bit 7:
+ "out %[port] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t" // 1 PORT = hi
+ "mov %[n2] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t" // 1 n2 = lo
+ "out %[port] , %[n1]"
+ "\n\t" // 1 PORT = n1
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t" // 2 nop nop
+ "sbrc %[byte] , 6"
+ "\n\t" // 1-2 if(b & 0x40)
+ "mov %[n2] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t" // 0-1 n2 = hi
+ "out %[port] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t" // 1 PORT = lo
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t" // 2 nop nop
+ // Bit 6:
+ "out %[port] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t" // 1 PORT = hi
+ "mov %[n1] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t" // 1 n1 = lo
+ "out %[port] , %[n2]"
+ "\n\t" // 1 PORT = n2
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t" // 2 nop nop
+ "sbrc %[byte] , 5"
+ "\n\t" // 1-2 if(b & 0x20)
+ "mov %[n1] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t" // 0-1 n1 = hi
+ "out %[port] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t" // 1 PORT = lo
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t" // 2 nop nop
+ // Bit 5:
+ "out %[port] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t" // 1 PORT = hi
+ "mov %[n2] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t" // 1 n2 = lo
+ "out %[port] , %[n1]"
+ "\n\t" // 1 PORT = n1
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t" // 2 nop nop
+ "sbrc %[byte] , 4"
+ "\n\t" // 1-2 if(b & 0x10)
+ "mov %[n2] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t" // 0-1 n2 = hi
+ "out %[port] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t" // 1 PORT = lo
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t" // 2 nop nop
+ // Bit 4:
+ "out %[port] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t" // 1 PORT = hi
+ "mov %[n1] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t" // 1 n1 = lo
+ "out %[port] , %[n2]"
+ "\n\t" // 1 PORT = n2
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t" // 2 nop nop
+ "sbrc %[byte] , 3"
+ "\n\t" // 1-2 if(b & 0x08)
+ "mov %[n1] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t" // 0-1 n1 = hi
+ "out %[port] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t" // 1 PORT = lo
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t" // 2 nop nop
+ // Bit 3:
+ "out %[port] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t" // 1 PORT = hi
+ "mov %[n2] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t" // 1 n2 = lo
+ "out %[port] , %[n1]"
+ "\n\t" // 1 PORT = n1
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t" // 2 nop nop
+ "sbrc %[byte] , 2"
+ "\n\t" // 1-2 if(b & 0x04)
+ "mov %[n2] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t" // 0-1 n2 = hi
+ "out %[port] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t" // 1 PORT = lo
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t" // 2 nop nop
+ // Bit 2:
+ "out %[port] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t" // 1 PORT = hi
+ "mov %[n1] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t" // 1 n1 = lo
+ "out %[port] , %[n2]"
+ "\n\t" // 1 PORT = n2
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t" // 2 nop nop
+ "sbrc %[byte] , 1"
+ "\n\t" // 1-2 if(b & 0x02)
+ "mov %[n1] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t" // 0-1 n1 = hi
+ "out %[port] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t" // 1 PORT = lo
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t" // 2 nop nop
+ // Bit 1:
+ "out %[port] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t" // 1 PORT = hi
+ "mov %[n2] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t" // 1 n2 = lo
+ "out %[port] , %[n1]"
+ "\n\t" // 1 PORT = n1
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t" // 2 nop nop
+ "sbrc %[byte] , 0"
+ "\n\t" // 1-2 if(b & 0x01)
+ "mov %[n2] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t" // 0-1 n2 = hi
+ "out %[port] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t" // 1 PORT = lo
+ "sbiw %[count], 1"
+ "\n\t" // 2 i-- (don't act on Z flag yet)
+ // Bit 0:
+ "out %[port] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t" // 1 PORT = hi
+ "mov %[n1] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t" // 1 n1 = lo
+ "out %[port] , %[n2]"
+ "\n\t" // 1 PORT = n2
+ "ld %[byte] , %a[ptr]+"
+ "\n\t" // 2 b = *ptr++
+ "sbrc %[byte] , 7"
+ "\n\t" // 1-2 if(b & 0x80)
+ "mov %[n1] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t" // 0-1 n1 = hi
+ "out %[port] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t" // 1 PORT = lo
+ "brne headD"
+ "\n" // 2 while(i) (Z flag set above)
+ : [byte] "+r"(b), [n1] "+r"(n1), [n2] "+r"(n2), [count] "+w"(i)
+ : [port] "I"(_SFR_IO_ADDR(PORTD)), [ptr] "e"(ptr), [hi] "r"(hi),
+ [lo] "r"(lo));
+
+#if defined(PORTB) || defined(PORTC) || defined(PORTF)
+ } else // other PORT(s)
+#endif // defined(PORTB/C/F)
+#endif // defined(PORTD)
+
+ // PORTB OUTPUT ----------------------------------------------------
+
+#if defined(PORTB)
+#if defined(PORTD) || defined(PORTC) || defined(PORTF)
+ if (port == &PORTB) {
+#endif // defined(PORTD/C/F)
+
+ // Same as above, just switched to PORTB and stripped of comments.
+ hi = PORTB | pinMask;
+ lo = PORTB & ~pinMask;
+ n1 = lo;
+ if (b & 0x80)
+ n1 = hi;
+
+ asm volatile(
+ "headB:"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "mov %[n2] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[n1]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t"
+ "sbrc %[byte] , 6"
+ "\n\t"
+ "mov %[n2] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "mov %[n1] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[n2]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t"
+ "sbrc %[byte] , 5"
+ "\n\t"
+ "mov %[n1] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "mov %[n2] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[n1]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t"
+ "sbrc %[byte] , 4"
+ "\n\t"
+ "mov %[n2] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "mov %[n1] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[n2]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t"
+ "sbrc %[byte] , 3"
+ "\n\t"
+ "mov %[n1] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "mov %[n2] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[n1]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t"
+ "sbrc %[byte] , 2"
+ "\n\t"
+ "mov %[n2] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "mov %[n1] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[n2]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t"
+ "sbrc %[byte] , 1"
+ "\n\t"
+ "mov %[n1] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "mov %[n2] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[n1]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t"
+ "sbrc %[byte] , 0"
+ "\n\t"
+ "mov %[n2] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "sbiw %[count], 1"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "mov %[n1] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[n2]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "ld %[byte] , %a[ptr]+"
+ "\n\t"
+ "sbrc %[byte] , 7"
+ "\n\t"
+ "mov %[n1] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "brne headB"
+ "\n"
+ : [byte] "+r"(b), [n1] "+r"(n1), [n2] "+r"(n2), [count] "+w"(i)
+ : [port] "I"(_SFR_IO_ADDR(PORTB)), [ptr] "e"(ptr), [hi] "r"(hi),
+ [lo] "r"(lo));
+
+#if defined(PORTD) || defined(PORTC) || defined(PORTF)
+ }
+#endif
+#if defined(PORTC) || defined(PORTF)
+ else
+#endif // defined(PORTC/F)
+#endif // defined(PORTB)
+
+ // PORTC OUTPUT ----------------------------------------------------
+
+#if defined(PORTC)
+#if defined(PORTD) || defined(PORTB) || defined(PORTF)
+ if (port == &PORTC) {
+#endif // defined(PORTD/B/F)
+
+ // Same as above, just switched to PORTC and stripped of comments.
+ hi = PORTC | pinMask;
+ lo = PORTC & ~pinMask;
+ n1 = lo;
+ if (b & 0x80)
+ n1 = hi;
+
+ asm volatile(
+ "headC:"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "mov %[n2] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[n1]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t"
+ "sbrc %[byte] , 6"
+ "\n\t"
+ "mov %[n2] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "mov %[n1] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[n2]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t"
+ "sbrc %[byte] , 5"
+ "\n\t"
+ "mov %[n1] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "mov %[n2] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[n1]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t"
+ "sbrc %[byte] , 4"
+ "\n\t"
+ "mov %[n2] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "mov %[n1] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[n2]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t"
+ "sbrc %[byte] , 3"
+ "\n\t"
+ "mov %[n1] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "mov %[n2] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[n1]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t"
+ "sbrc %[byte] , 2"
+ "\n\t"
+ "mov %[n2] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "mov %[n1] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[n2]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t"
+ "sbrc %[byte] , 1"
+ "\n\t"
+ "mov %[n1] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "mov %[n2] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[n1]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t"
+ "sbrc %[byte] , 0"
+ "\n\t"
+ "mov %[n2] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "sbiw %[count], 1"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "mov %[n1] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[n2]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "ld %[byte] , %a[ptr]+"
+ "\n\t"
+ "sbrc %[byte] , 7"
+ "\n\t"
+ "mov %[n1] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "brne headC"
+ "\n"
+ : [byte] "+r"(b), [n1] "+r"(n1), [n2] "+r"(n2), [count] "+w"(i)
+ : [port] "I"(_SFR_IO_ADDR(PORTC)), [ptr] "e"(ptr), [hi] "r"(hi),
+ [lo] "r"(lo));
+
+#if defined(PORTD) || defined(PORTB) || defined(PORTF)
+ }
+#endif // defined(PORTD/B/F)
+#if defined(PORTF)
+ else
+#endif
+#endif // defined(PORTC)
+
+ // PORTF OUTPUT ----------------------------------------------------
+
+#if defined(PORTF)
+#if defined(PORTD) || defined(PORTB) || defined(PORTC)
+ if (port == &PORTF) {
+#endif // defined(PORTD/B/C)
+
+ hi = PORTF | pinMask;
+ lo = PORTF & ~pinMask;
+ n1 = lo;
+ if (b & 0x80)
+ n1 = hi;
+
+ asm volatile(
+ "headF:"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "mov %[n2] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[n1]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t"
+ "sbrc %[byte] , 6"
+ "\n\t"
+ "mov %[n2] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "mov %[n1] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[n2]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t"
+ "sbrc %[byte] , 5"
+ "\n\t"
+ "mov %[n1] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "mov %[n2] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[n1]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t"
+ "sbrc %[byte] , 4"
+ "\n\t"
+ "mov %[n2] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "mov %[n1] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[n2]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t"
+ "sbrc %[byte] , 3"
+ "\n\t"
+ "mov %[n1] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "mov %[n2] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[n1]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t"
+ "sbrc %[byte] , 2"
+ "\n\t"
+ "mov %[n2] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "mov %[n1] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[n2]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t"
+ "sbrc %[byte] , 1"
+ "\n\t"
+ "mov %[n1] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "mov %[n2] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[n1]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t"
+ "sbrc %[byte] , 0"
+ "\n\t"
+ "mov %[n2] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "sbiw %[count], 1"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "mov %[n1] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[n2]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "ld %[byte] , %a[ptr]+"
+ "\n\t"
+ "sbrc %[byte] , 7"
+ "\n\t"
+ "mov %[n1] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "brne headF"
+ "\n"
+ : [byte] "+r"(b), [n1] "+r"(n1), [n2] "+r"(n2), [count] "+w"(i)
+ : [port] "I"(_SFR_IO_ADDR(PORTF)), [ptr] "e"(ptr), [hi] "r"(hi),
+ [lo] "r"(lo));
+
+#if defined(PORTD) || defined(PORTB) || defined(PORTC)
+ }
+#endif // defined(PORTD/B/C)
+#endif // defined(PORTF)
+
+#if defined(NEO_KHZ400)
+ } else { // end 800 KHz, do 400 KHz
+
+ // Timing is more relaxed; unrolling the inner loop for each bit is
+ // not necessary. Still using the peculiar RJMPs as 2X NOPs, not out
+ // of need but just to trim the code size down a little.
+ // This 400-KHz-datastream-on-8-MHz-CPU code is not quite identical
+ // to the 800-on-16 code later -- the hi/lo timing between WS2811 and
+ // WS2812 is not simply a 2:1 scale!
+
+ // 20 inst. clocks per bit: HHHHxxxxxxLLLLLLLLLL
+ // ST instructions: ^ ^ ^ (T=0,4,10)
+
+ volatile uint8_t next, bit;
+
+ hi = *port | pinMask;
+ lo = *port & ~pinMask;
+ next = lo;
+ bit = 8;
+
+ asm volatile("head20:"
+ "\n\t" // Clk Pseudocode (T = 0)
+ "st %a[port], %[hi]"
+ "\n\t" // 2 PORT = hi (T = 2)
+ "sbrc %[byte] , 7"
+ "\n\t" // 1-2 if(b & 128)
+ "mov %[next], %[hi]"
+ "\n\t" // 0-1 next = hi (T = 4)
+ "st %a[port], %[next]"
+ "\n\t" // 2 PORT = next (T = 6)
+ "mov %[next] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t" // 1 next = lo (T = 7)
+ "dec %[bit]"
+ "\n\t" // 1 bit-- (T = 8)
+ "breq nextbyte20"
+ "\n\t" // 1-2 if(bit == 0)
+ "rol %[byte]"
+ "\n\t" // 1 b <<= 1 (T = 10)
+ "st %a[port], %[lo]"
+ "\n\t" // 2 PORT = lo (T = 12)
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t" // 2 nop nop (T = 14)
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t" // 2 nop nop (T = 16)
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t" // 2 nop nop (T = 18)
+ "rjmp head20"
+ "\n\t" // 2 -> head20 (next bit out)
+ "nextbyte20:"
+ "\n\t" // (T = 10)
+ "st %a[port], %[lo]"
+ "\n\t" // 2 PORT = lo (T = 12)
+ "nop"
+ "\n\t" // 1 nop (T = 13)
+ "ldi %[bit] , 8"
+ "\n\t" // 1 bit = 8 (T = 14)
+ "ld %[byte] , %a[ptr]+"
+ "\n\t" // 2 b = *ptr++ (T = 16)
+ "sbiw %[count], 1"
+ "\n\t" // 2 i-- (T = 18)
+ "brne head20"
+ "\n" // 2 if(i != 0) -> (next byte)
+ : [port] "+e"(port), [byte] "+r"(b), [bit] "+r"(bit),
+ [next] "+r"(next), [count] "+w"(i)
+ : [hi] "r"(hi), [lo] "r"(lo), [ptr] "e"(ptr));
+ }
+#endif // NEO_KHZ400
+
+// 12 MHz(ish) AVR --------------------------------------------------------
+#elif (F_CPU >= 11100000UL) && (F_CPU <= 14300000UL)
+
+#if defined(NEO_KHZ400) // 800 KHz check needed only if 400 KHz support enabled
+ if (is800KHz) {
+#endif
+
+ // In the 12 MHz case, an optimized 800 KHz datastream (no dead time
+ // between bytes) requires a PORT-specific loop similar to the 8 MHz
+ // code (but a little more relaxed in this case).
+
+ // 15 instruction clocks per bit: HHHHxxxxxxLLLLL
+ // OUT instructions: ^ ^ ^ (T=0,4,10)
+
+ volatile uint8_t next;
+
+ // PORTD OUTPUT ----------------------------------------------------
+
+#if defined(PORTD)
+#if defined(PORTB) || defined(PORTC) || defined(PORTF)
+ if (port == &PORTD) {
+#endif // defined(PORTB/C/F)
+
+ hi = PORTD | pinMask;
+ lo = PORTD & ~pinMask;
+ next = lo;
+ if (b & 0x80)
+ next = hi;
+
+ // Don't "optimize" the OUT calls into the bitTime subroutine;
+ // we're exploiting the RCALL and RET as 3- and 4-cycle NOPs!
+ asm volatile("headD:"
+ "\n\t" // (T = 0)
+ "out %[port], %[hi]"
+ "\n\t" // (T = 1)
+ "rcall bitTimeD"
+ "\n\t" // Bit 7 (T = 15)
+ "out %[port], %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rcall bitTimeD"
+ "\n\t" // Bit 6
+ "out %[port], %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rcall bitTimeD"
+ "\n\t" // Bit 5
+ "out %[port], %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rcall bitTimeD"
+ "\n\t" // Bit 4
+ "out %[port], %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rcall bitTimeD"
+ "\n\t" // Bit 3
+ "out %[port], %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rcall bitTimeD"
+ "\n\t" // Bit 2
+ "out %[port], %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rcall bitTimeD"
+ "\n\t" // Bit 1
+ // Bit 0:
+ "out %[port] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t" // 1 PORT = hi (T = 1)
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t" // 2 nop nop (T = 3)
+ "ld %[byte] , %a[ptr]+"
+ "\n\t" // 2 b = *ptr++ (T = 5)
+ "out %[port] , %[next]"
+ "\n\t" // 1 PORT = next (T = 6)
+ "mov %[next] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t" // 1 next = lo (T = 7)
+ "sbrc %[byte] , 7"
+ "\n\t" // 1-2 if(b & 0x80) (T = 8)
+ "mov %[next] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t" // 0-1 next = hi (T = 9)
+ "nop"
+ "\n\t" // 1 (T = 10)
+ "out %[port] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t" // 1 PORT = lo (T = 11)
+ "sbiw %[count], 1"
+ "\n\t" // 2 i-- (T = 13)
+ "brne headD"
+ "\n\t" // 2 if(i != 0) -> (next byte)
+ "rjmp doneD"
+ "\n\t"
+ "bitTimeD:"
+ "\n\t" // nop nop nop (T = 4)
+ "out %[port], %[next]"
+ "\n\t" // 1 PORT = next (T = 5)
+ "mov %[next], %[lo]"
+ "\n\t" // 1 next = lo (T = 6)
+ "rol %[byte]"
+ "\n\t" // 1 b <<= 1 (T = 7)
+ "sbrc %[byte], 7"
+ "\n\t" // 1-2 if(b & 0x80) (T = 8)
+ "mov %[next], %[hi]"
+ "\n\t" // 0-1 next = hi (T = 9)
+ "nop"
+ "\n\t" // 1 (T = 10)
+ "out %[port], %[lo]"
+ "\n\t" // 1 PORT = lo (T = 11)
+ "ret"
+ "\n\t" // 4 nop nop nop nop (T = 15)
+ "doneD:"
+ "\n"
+ : [byte] "+r"(b), [next] "+r"(next), [count] "+w"(i)
+ : [port] "I"(_SFR_IO_ADDR(PORTD)), [ptr] "e"(ptr),
+ [hi] "r"(hi), [lo] "r"(lo));
+
+#if defined(PORTB) || defined(PORTC) || defined(PORTF)
+ } else // other PORT(s)
+#endif // defined(PORTB/C/F)
+#endif // defined(PORTD)
+
+ // PORTB OUTPUT ----------------------------------------------------
+
+#if defined(PORTB)
+#if defined(PORTD) || defined(PORTC) || defined(PORTF)
+ if (port == &PORTB) {
+#endif // defined(PORTD/C/F)
+
+ hi = PORTB | pinMask;
+ lo = PORTB & ~pinMask;
+ next = lo;
+ if (b & 0x80)
+ next = hi;
+
+ // Same as above, just set for PORTB & stripped of comments
+ asm volatile("headB:"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port], %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rcall bitTimeB"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port], %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rcall bitTimeB"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port], %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rcall bitTimeB"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port], %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rcall bitTimeB"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port], %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rcall bitTimeB"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port], %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rcall bitTimeB"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port], %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rcall bitTimeB"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t"
+ "ld %[byte] , %a[ptr]+"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[next]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "mov %[next] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "sbrc %[byte] , 7"
+ "\n\t"
+ "mov %[next] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "nop"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "sbiw %[count], 1"
+ "\n\t"
+ "brne headB"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rjmp doneB"
+ "\n\t"
+ "bitTimeB:"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port], %[next]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "mov %[next], %[lo]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rol %[byte]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "sbrc %[byte], 7"
+ "\n\t"
+ "mov %[next], %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "nop"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port], %[lo]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "ret"
+ "\n\t"
+ "doneB:"
+ "\n"
+ : [byte] "+r"(b), [next] "+r"(next), [count] "+w"(i)
+ : [port] "I"(_SFR_IO_ADDR(PORTB)), [ptr] "e"(ptr),
+ [hi] "r"(hi), [lo] "r"(lo));
+
+#if defined(PORTD) || defined(PORTC) || defined(PORTF)
+ }
+#endif
+#if defined(PORTC) || defined(PORTF)
+ else
+#endif // defined(PORTC/F)
+#endif // defined(PORTB)
+
+ // PORTC OUTPUT ----------------------------------------------------
+
+#if defined(PORTC)
+#if defined(PORTD) || defined(PORTB) || defined(PORTF)
+ if (port == &PORTC) {
+#endif // defined(PORTD/B/F)
+
+ hi = PORTC | pinMask;
+ lo = PORTC & ~pinMask;
+ next = lo;
+ if (b & 0x80)
+ next = hi;
+
+ // Same as above, just set for PORTC & stripped of comments
+ asm volatile("headC:"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port], %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rcall bitTimeC"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port], %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rcall bitTimeC"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port], %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rcall bitTimeC"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port], %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rcall bitTimeC"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port], %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rcall bitTimeC"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port], %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rcall bitTimeC"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port], %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rcall bitTimeC"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t"
+ "ld %[byte] , %a[ptr]+"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[next]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "mov %[next] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "sbrc %[byte] , 7"
+ "\n\t"
+ "mov %[next] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "nop"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "sbiw %[count], 1"
+ "\n\t"
+ "brne headC"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rjmp doneC"
+ "\n\t"
+ "bitTimeC:"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port], %[next]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "mov %[next], %[lo]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rol %[byte]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "sbrc %[byte], 7"
+ "\n\t"
+ "mov %[next], %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "nop"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port], %[lo]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "ret"
+ "\n\t"
+ "doneC:"
+ "\n"
+ : [byte] "+r"(b), [next] "+r"(next), [count] "+w"(i)
+ : [port] "I"(_SFR_IO_ADDR(PORTC)), [ptr] "e"(ptr),
+ [hi] "r"(hi), [lo] "r"(lo));
+
+#if defined(PORTD) || defined(PORTB) || defined(PORTF)
+ }
+#endif // defined(PORTD/B/F)
+#if defined(PORTF)
+ else
+#endif
+#endif // defined(PORTC)
+
+ // PORTF OUTPUT ----------------------------------------------------
+
+#if defined(PORTF)
+#if defined(PORTD) || defined(PORTB) || defined(PORTC)
+ if (port == &PORTF) {
+#endif // defined(PORTD/B/C)
+
+ hi = PORTF | pinMask;
+ lo = PORTF & ~pinMask;
+ next = lo;
+ if (b & 0x80)
+ next = hi;
+
+ // Same as above, just set for PORTF & stripped of comments
+ asm volatile("headF:"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port], %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rcall bitTimeC"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port], %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rcall bitTimeC"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port], %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rcall bitTimeC"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port], %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rcall bitTimeC"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port], %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rcall bitTimeC"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port], %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rcall bitTimeC"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port], %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rcall bitTimeC"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t"
+ "ld %[byte] , %a[ptr]+"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[next]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "mov %[next] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "sbrc %[byte] , 7"
+ "\n\t"
+ "mov %[next] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "nop"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "sbiw %[count], 1"
+ "\n\t"
+ "brne headF"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rjmp doneC"
+ "\n\t"
+ "bitTimeC:"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port], %[next]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "mov %[next], %[lo]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "rol %[byte]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "sbrc %[byte], 7"
+ "\n\t"
+ "mov %[next], %[hi]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "nop"
+ "\n\t"
+ "out %[port], %[lo]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "ret"
+ "\n\t"
+ "doneC:"
+ "\n"
+ : [byte] "+r"(b), [next] "+r"(next), [count] "+w"(i)
+ : [port] "I"(_SFR_IO_ADDR(PORTF)), [ptr] "e"(ptr),
+ [hi] "r"(hi), [lo] "r"(lo));
+
+#if defined(PORTD) || defined(PORTB) || defined(PORTC)
+ }
+#endif // defined(PORTD/B/C)
+#endif // defined(PORTF)
+
+#if defined(NEO_KHZ400)
+ } else { // 400 KHz
+
+ // 30 instruction clocks per bit: HHHHHHxxxxxxxxxLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL
+ // ST instructions: ^ ^ ^ (T=0,6,15)
+
+ volatile uint8_t next, bit;
+
+ hi = *port | pinMask;
+ lo = *port & ~pinMask;
+ next = lo;
+ bit = 8;
+
+ asm volatile("head30:"
+ "\n\t" // Clk Pseudocode (T = 0)
+ "st %a[port], %[hi]"
+ "\n\t" // 2 PORT = hi (T = 2)
+ "sbrc %[byte] , 7"
+ "\n\t" // 1-2 if(b & 128)
+ "mov %[next], %[hi]"
+ "\n\t" // 0-1 next = hi (T = 4)
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t" // 2 nop nop (T = 6)
+ "st %a[port], %[next]"
+ "\n\t" // 2 PORT = next (T = 8)
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t" // 2 nop nop (T = 10)
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t" // 2 nop nop (T = 12)
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t" // 2 nop nop (T = 14)
+ "nop"
+ "\n\t" // 1 nop (T = 15)
+ "st %a[port], %[lo]"
+ "\n\t" // 2 PORT = lo (T = 17)
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t" // 2 nop nop (T = 19)
+ "dec %[bit]"
+ "\n\t" // 1 bit-- (T = 20)
+ "breq nextbyte30"
+ "\n\t" // 1-2 if(bit == 0)
+ "rol %[byte]"
+ "\n\t" // 1 b <<= 1 (T = 22)
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t" // 2 nop nop (T = 24)
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t" // 2 nop nop (T = 26)
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t" // 2 nop nop (T = 28)
+ "rjmp head30"
+ "\n\t" // 2 -> head30 (next bit out)
+ "nextbyte30:"
+ "\n\t" // (T = 22)
+ "nop"
+ "\n\t" // 1 nop (T = 23)
+ "ldi %[bit] , 8"
+ "\n\t" // 1 bit = 8 (T = 24)
+ "ld %[byte] , %a[ptr]+"
+ "\n\t" // 2 b = *ptr++ (T = 26)
+ "sbiw %[count], 1"
+ "\n\t" // 2 i-- (T = 28)
+ "brne head30"
+ "\n" // 1-2 if(i != 0) -> (next byte)
+ : [port] "+e"(port), [byte] "+r"(b), [bit] "+r"(bit),
+ [next] "+r"(next), [count] "+w"(i)
+ : [hi] "r"(hi), [lo] "r"(lo), [ptr] "e"(ptr));
+ }
+#endif // NEO_KHZ400
+
+// 16 MHz(ish) AVR --------------------------------------------------------
+#elif (F_CPU >= 15400000UL) && (F_CPU <= 19000000L)
+
+#if defined(NEO_KHZ400) // 800 KHz check needed only if 400 KHz support enabled
+ if (is800KHz) {
+#endif
+
+ // WS2811 and WS2812 have different hi/lo duty cycles; this is
+ // similar but NOT an exact copy of the prior 400-on-8 code.
+
+ // 20 inst. clocks per bit: HHHHHxxxxxxxxLLLLLLL
+ // ST instructions: ^ ^ ^ (T=0,5,13)
+
+ volatile uint8_t next, bit;
+
+ hi = *port | pinMask;
+ lo = *port & ~pinMask;
+ next = lo;
+ bit = 8;
+
+ asm volatile("head20:"
+ "\n\t" // Clk Pseudocode (T = 0)
+ "st %a[port], %[hi]"
+ "\n\t" // 2 PORT = hi (T = 2)
+ "sbrc %[byte], 7"
+ "\n\t" // 1-2 if(b & 128)
+ "mov %[next], %[hi]"
+ "\n\t" // 0-1 next = hi (T = 4)
+ "dec %[bit]"
+ "\n\t" // 1 bit-- (T = 5)
+ "st %a[port], %[next]"
+ "\n\t" // 2 PORT = next (T = 7)
+ "mov %[next] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t" // 1 next = lo (T = 8)
+ "breq nextbyte20"
+ "\n\t" // 1-2 if(bit == 0) (from dec above)
+ "rol %[byte]"
+ "\n\t" // 1 b <<= 1 (T = 10)
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t" // 2 nop nop (T = 12)
+ "nop"
+ "\n\t" // 1 nop (T = 13)
+ "st %a[port], %[lo]"
+ "\n\t" // 2 PORT = lo (T = 15)
+ "nop"
+ "\n\t" // 1 nop (T = 16)
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t" // 2 nop nop (T = 18)
+ "rjmp head20"
+ "\n\t" // 2 -> head20 (next bit out)
+ "nextbyte20:"
+ "\n\t" // (T = 10)
+ "ldi %[bit] , 8"
+ "\n\t" // 1 bit = 8 (T = 11)
+ "ld %[byte] , %a[ptr]+"
+ "\n\t" // 2 b = *ptr++ (T = 13)
+ "st %a[port], %[lo]"
+ "\n\t" // 2 PORT = lo (T = 15)
+ "nop"
+ "\n\t" // 1 nop (T = 16)
+ "sbiw %[count], 1"
+ "\n\t" // 2 i-- (T = 18)
+ "brne head20"
+ "\n" // 2 if(i != 0) -> (next byte)
+ : [port] "+e"(port), [byte] "+r"(b), [bit] "+r"(bit),
+ [next] "+r"(next), [count] "+w"(i)
+ : [ptr] "e"(ptr), [hi] "r"(hi), [lo] "r"(lo));
+
+#if defined(NEO_KHZ400)
+ } else { // 400 KHz
+
+ // The 400 KHz clock on 16 MHz MCU is the most 'relaxed' version.
+
+ // 40 inst. clocks per bit: HHHHHHHHxxxxxxxxxxxxLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL
+ // ST instructions: ^ ^ ^ (T=0,8,20)
+
+ volatile uint8_t next, bit;
+
+ hi = *port | pinMask;
+ lo = *port & ~pinMask;
+ next = lo;
+ bit = 8;
+
+ asm volatile("head40:"
+ "\n\t" // Clk Pseudocode (T = 0)
+ "st %a[port], %[hi]"
+ "\n\t" // 2 PORT = hi (T = 2)
+ "sbrc %[byte] , 7"
+ "\n\t" // 1-2 if(b & 128)
+ "mov %[next] , %[hi]"
+ "\n\t" // 0-1 next = hi (T = 4)
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t" // 2 nop nop (T = 6)
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t" // 2 nop nop (T = 8)
+ "st %a[port], %[next]"
+ "\n\t" // 2 PORT = next (T = 10)
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t" // 2 nop nop (T = 12)
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t" // 2 nop nop (T = 14)
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t" // 2 nop nop (T = 16)
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t" // 2 nop nop (T = 18)
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t" // 2 nop nop (T = 20)
+ "st %a[port], %[lo]"
+ "\n\t" // 2 PORT = lo (T = 22)
+ "nop"
+ "\n\t" // 1 nop (T = 23)
+ "mov %[next] , %[lo]"
+ "\n\t" // 1 next = lo (T = 24)
+ "dec %[bit]"
+ "\n\t" // 1 bit-- (T = 25)
+ "breq nextbyte40"
+ "\n\t" // 1-2 if(bit == 0)
+ "rol %[byte]"
+ "\n\t" // 1 b <<= 1 (T = 27)
+ "nop"
+ "\n\t" // 1 nop (T = 28)
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t" // 2 nop nop (T = 30)
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t" // 2 nop nop (T = 32)
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t" // 2 nop nop (T = 34)
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t" // 2 nop nop (T = 36)
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t" // 2 nop nop (T = 38)
+ "rjmp head40"
+ "\n\t" // 2 -> head40 (next bit out)
+ "nextbyte40:"
+ "\n\t" // (T = 27)
+ "ldi %[bit] , 8"
+ "\n\t" // 1 bit = 8 (T = 28)
+ "ld %[byte] , %a[ptr]+"
+ "\n\t" // 2 b = *ptr++ (T = 30)
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t" // 2 nop nop (T = 32)
+ "st %a[port], %[lo]"
+ "\n\t" // 2 PORT = lo (T = 34)
+ "rjmp .+0"
+ "\n\t" // 2 nop nop (T = 36)
+ "sbiw %[count], 1"
+ "\n\t" // 2 i-- (T = 38)
+ "brne head40"
+ "\n" // 1-2 if(i != 0) -> (next byte)
+ : [port] "+e"(port), [byte] "+r"(b), [bit] "+r"(bit),
+ [next] "+r"(next), [count] "+w"(i)
+ : [ptr] "e"(ptr), [hi] "r"(hi), [lo] "r"(lo));
+ }
+#endif // NEO_KHZ400
+
+#else
+#error "CPU SPEED NOT SUPPORTED"
+#endif // end F_CPU ifdefs on __AVR__
+
+ // END AVR ----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+#elif defined(__arm__)
+
+ // ARM MCUs -- Teensy 3.0, 3.1, LC, Arduino Due, RP2040 -------------------
+
+#if defined(ARDUINO_ARCH_RP2040)
+ // Use PIO
+ rp2040Show(pin, pixels, numBytes, is800KHz);
+
+#elif defined(TEENSYDUINO) && \
+ defined(KINETISK) // Teensy 3.0, 3.1, 3.2, 3.5, 3.6
+#define CYCLES_800_T0H (F_CPU / 4000000)
+#define CYCLES_800_T1H (F_CPU / 1250000)
+#define CYCLES_800 (F_CPU / 800000)
+#define CYCLES_400_T0H (F_CPU / 2000000)
+#define CYCLES_400_T1H (F_CPU / 833333)
+#define CYCLES_400 (F_CPU / 400000)
+
+ uint8_t *p = pixels, *end = p + numBytes, pix, mask;
+ volatile uint8_t *set = portSetRegister(pin), *clr = portClearRegister(pin);
+ uint32_t cyc;
+
+ ARM_DEMCR |= ARM_DEMCR_TRCENA;
+ ARM_DWT_CTRL |= ARM_DWT_CTRL_CYCCNTENA;
+
+#if defined(NEO_KHZ400) // 800 KHz check needed only if 400 KHz support enabled
+ if (is800KHz) {
+#endif
+ cyc = ARM_DWT_CYCCNT + CYCLES_800;
+ while (p < end) {
+ pix = *p++;
+ for (mask = 0x80; mask; mask >>= 1) {
+ while (ARM_DWT_CYCCNT - cyc < CYCLES_800)
+ ;
+ cyc = ARM_DWT_CYCCNT;
+ *set = 1;
+ if (pix & mask) {
+ while (ARM_DWT_CYCCNT - cyc < CYCLES_800_T1H)
+ ;
+ } else {
+ while (ARM_DWT_CYCCNT - cyc < CYCLES_800_T0H)
+ ;
+ }
+ *clr = 1;
+ }
+ }
+ while (ARM_DWT_CYCCNT - cyc < CYCLES_800)
+ ;
+#if defined(NEO_KHZ400)
+ } else { // 400 kHz bitstream
+ cyc = ARM_DWT_CYCCNT + CYCLES_400;
+ while (p < end) {
+ pix = *p++;
+ for (mask = 0x80; mask; mask >>= 1) {
+ while (ARM_DWT_CYCCNT - cyc < CYCLES_400)
+ ;
+ cyc = ARM_DWT_CYCCNT;
+ *set = 1;
+ if (pix & mask) {
+ while (ARM_DWT_CYCCNT - cyc < CYCLES_400_T1H)
+ ;
+ } else {
+ while (ARM_DWT_CYCCNT - cyc < CYCLES_400_T0H)
+ ;
+ }
+ *clr = 1;
+ }
+ }
+ while (ARM_DWT_CYCCNT - cyc < CYCLES_400)
+ ;
+ }
+#endif // NEO_KHZ400
+
+#elif defined(TEENSYDUINO) && (defined(__IMXRT1052__) || defined(__IMXRT1062__))
+#define CYCLES_800_T0H (F_CPU_ACTUAL / 4000000)
+#define CYCLES_800_T1H (F_CPU_ACTUAL / 1250000)
+#define CYCLES_800 (F_CPU_ACTUAL / 800000)
+#define CYCLES_400_T0H (F_CPU_ACTUAL / 2000000)
+#define CYCLES_400_T1H (F_CPU_ACTUAL / 833333)
+#define CYCLES_400 (F_CPU_ACTUAL / 400000)
+
+ uint8_t *p = pixels, *end = p + numBytes, pix, mask;
+ volatile uint32_t *set = portSetRegister(pin), *clr = portClearRegister(pin);
+ uint32_t cyc, msk = digitalPinToBitMask(pin);
+
+ ARM_DEMCR |= ARM_DEMCR_TRCENA;
+ ARM_DWT_CTRL |= ARM_DWT_CTRL_CYCCNTENA;
+
+#if defined(NEO_KHZ400) // 800 KHz check needed only if 400 KHz support enabled
+ if (is800KHz) {
+#endif
+ cyc = ARM_DWT_CYCCNT + CYCLES_800;
+ while (p < end) {
+ pix = *p++;
+ for (mask = 0x80; mask; mask >>= 1) {
+ while (ARM_DWT_CYCCNT - cyc < CYCLES_800)
+ ;
+ cyc = ARM_DWT_CYCCNT;
+ *set = msk;
+ if (pix & mask) {
+ while (ARM_DWT_CYCCNT - cyc < CYCLES_800_T1H)
+ ;
+ } else {
+ while (ARM_DWT_CYCCNT - cyc < CYCLES_800_T0H)
+ ;
+ }
+ *clr = msk;
+ }
+ }
+ while (ARM_DWT_CYCCNT - cyc < CYCLES_800)
+ ;
+#if defined(NEO_KHZ400)
+ } else { // 400 kHz bitstream
+ cyc = ARM_DWT_CYCCNT + CYCLES_400;
+ while (p < end) {
+ pix = *p++;
+ for (mask = 0x80; mask; mask >>= 1) {
+ while (ARM_DWT_CYCCNT - cyc < CYCLES_400)
+ ;
+ cyc = ARM_DWT_CYCCNT;
+ *set = msk;
+ if (pix & mask) {
+ while (ARM_DWT_CYCCNT - cyc < CYCLES_400_T1H)
+ ;
+ } else {
+ while (ARM_DWT_CYCCNT - cyc < CYCLES_400_T0H)
+ ;
+ }
+ *clr = msk;
+ }
+ }
+ while (ARM_DWT_CYCCNT - cyc < CYCLES_400)
+ ;
+ }
+#endif // NEO_KHZ400
+
+#elif defined(TEENSYDUINO) && defined(__MKL26Z64__) // Teensy-LC
+
+#if F_CPU == 48000000
+ uint8_t *p = pixels, pix, count, dly, bitmask = digitalPinToBitMask(pin);
+ volatile uint8_t *reg = portSetRegister(pin);
+ uint32_t num = numBytes;
+ asm volatile("L%=_begin:"
+ "\n\t"
+ "ldrb %[pix], [%[p], #0]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "lsl %[pix], #24"
+ "\n\t"
+ "movs %[count], #7"
+ "\n\t"
+ "L%=_loop:"
+ "\n\t"
+ "lsl %[pix], #1"
+ "\n\t"
+ "bcs L%=_loop_one"
+ "\n\t"
+ "L%=_loop_zero:"
+ "\n\t"
+ "strb %[bitmask], [%[reg], #0]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "movs %[dly], #4"
+ "\n\t"
+ "L%=_loop_delay_T0H:"
+ "\n\t"
+ "sub %[dly], #1"
+ "\n\t"
+ "bne L%=_loop_delay_T0H"
+ "\n\t"
+ "strb %[bitmask], [%[reg], #4]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "movs %[dly], #13"
+ "\n\t"
+ "L%=_loop_delay_T0L:"
+ "\n\t"
+ "sub %[dly], #1"
+ "\n\t"
+ "bne L%=_loop_delay_T0L"
+ "\n\t"
+ "b L%=_next"
+ "\n\t"
+ "L%=_loop_one:"
+ "\n\t"
+ "strb %[bitmask], [%[reg], #0]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "movs %[dly], #13"
+ "\n\t"
+ "L%=_loop_delay_T1H:"
+ "\n\t"
+ "sub %[dly], #1"
+ "\n\t"
+ "bne L%=_loop_delay_T1H"
+ "\n\t"
+ "strb %[bitmask], [%[reg], #4]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "movs %[dly], #4"
+ "\n\t"
+ "L%=_loop_delay_T1L:"
+ "\n\t"
+ "sub %[dly], #1"
+ "\n\t"
+ "bne L%=_loop_delay_T1L"
+ "\n\t"
+ "nop"
+ "\n\t"
+ "L%=_next:"
+ "\n\t"
+ "sub %[count], #1"
+ "\n\t"
+ "bne L%=_loop"
+ "\n\t"
+ "lsl %[pix], #1"
+ "\n\t"
+ "bcs L%=_last_one"
+ "\n\t"
+ "L%=_last_zero:"
+ "\n\t"
+ "strb %[bitmask], [%[reg], #0]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "movs %[dly], #4"
+ "\n\t"
+ "L%=_last_delay_T0H:"
+ "\n\t"
+ "sub %[dly], #1"
+ "\n\t"
+ "bne L%=_last_delay_T0H"
+ "\n\t"
+ "strb %[bitmask], [%[reg], #4]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "movs %[dly], #10"
+ "\n\t"
+ "L%=_last_delay_T0L:"
+ "\n\t"
+ "sub %[dly], #1"
+ "\n\t"
+ "bne L%=_last_delay_T0L"
+ "\n\t"
+ "b L%=_repeat"
+ "\n\t"
+ "L%=_last_one:"
+ "\n\t"
+ "strb %[bitmask], [%[reg], #0]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "movs %[dly], #13"
+ "\n\t"
+ "L%=_last_delay_T1H:"
+ "\n\t"
+ "sub %[dly], #1"
+ "\n\t"
+ "bne L%=_last_delay_T1H"
+ "\n\t"
+ "strb %[bitmask], [%[reg], #4]"
+ "\n\t"
+ "movs %[dly], #1"
+ "\n\t"
+ "L%=_last_delay_T1L:"
+ "\n\t"
+ "sub %[dly], #1"
+ "\n\t"
+ "bne L%=_last_delay_T1L"
+ "\n\t"
+ "nop"
+ "\n\t"
+ "L%=_repeat:"
+ "\n\t"
+ "add %[p], #1"
+ "\n\t"
+ "sub %[num], #1"
+ "\n\t"
+ "bne L%=_begin"
+ "\n\t"
+ "L%=_done:"
+ "\n\t"
+ : [p] "+r"(p), [pix] "=&r"(pix), [count] "=&r"(count),
+ [dly] "=&r"(dly), [num] "+r"(num)
+ : [bitmask] "r"(bitmask), [reg] "r"(reg));
+#else
+#error "Sorry, only 48 MHz is supported, please set Tools > CPU Speed to 48 MHz"
+#endif // F_CPU == 48000000
+
+ // Begin of support for nRF52 based boards -------------------------
+
+#elif defined(NRF52) || defined(NRF52_SERIES)
+// [[[Begin of the Neopixel NRF52 EasyDMA implementation
+// by the Hackerspace San Salvador]]]
+// This technique uses the PWM peripheral on the NRF52. The PWM uses the
+// EasyDMA feature included on the chip. This technique loads the duty
+// cycle configuration for each cycle when the PWM is enabled. For this
+// to work we need to store a 16 bit configuration for each bit of the
+// RGB(W) values in the pixel buffer.
+// Comparator values for the PWM were hand picked and are guaranteed to
+// be 100% organic to preserve freshness and high accuracy. Current
+// parameters are:
+// * PWM Clock: 16Mhz
+// * Minimum step time: 62.5ns
+// * Time for zero in high (T0H): 0.31ms
+// * Time for one in high (T1H): 0.75ms
+// * Cycle time: 1.25us
+// * Frequency: 800Khz
+// For 400Khz we just double the calculated times.
+// ---------- BEGIN Constants for the EasyDMA implementation -----------
+// The PWM starts the duty cycle in LOW. To start with HIGH we
+// need to set the 15th bit on each register.
+
+// WS2812 (rev A) timing is 0.35 and 0.7us
+//#define MAGIC_T0H 5UL | (0x8000) // 0.3125us
+//#define MAGIC_T1H 12UL | (0x8000) // 0.75us
+
+// WS2812B (rev B) timing is 0.4 and 0.8 us
+#define MAGIC_T0H 6UL | (0x8000) // 0.375us
+#define MAGIC_T1H 13UL | (0x8000) // 0.8125us
+
+// WS2811 (400 khz) timing is 0.5 and 1.2
+#define MAGIC_T0H_400KHz 8UL | (0x8000) // 0.5us
+#define MAGIC_T1H_400KHz 19UL | (0x8000) // 1.1875us
+
+// For 400Khz, we double value of CTOPVAL
+#define CTOPVAL 20UL // 1.25us
+#define CTOPVAL_400KHz 40UL // 2.5us
+
+// ---------- END Constants for the EasyDMA implementation -------------
+//
+// If there is no device available an alternative cycle-counter
+// implementation is tried.
+// The nRF52 runs with a fixed clock of 64Mhz. The alternative
+// implementation is the same as the one used for the Teensy 3.0/1/2 but
+// with the Nordic SDK HAL & registers syntax.
+// The number of cycles was hand picked and is guaranteed to be 100%
+// organic to preserve freshness and high accuracy.
+// ---------- BEGIN Constants for cycle counter implementation ---------
+#define CYCLES_800_T0H 18 // ~0.36 uS
+#define CYCLES_800_T1H 41 // ~0.76 uS
+#define CYCLES_800 71 // ~1.25 uS
+
+#define CYCLES_400_T0H 26 // ~0.50 uS
+#define CYCLES_400_T1H 70 // ~1.26 uS
+#define CYCLES_400 156 // ~2.50 uS
+ // ---------- END of Constants for cycle counter implementation --------
+
+ // To support both the SoftDevice + Neopixels we use the EasyDMA
+ // feature from the NRF25. However this technique implies to
+ // generate a pattern and store it on the memory. The actual
+ // memory used in bytes corresponds to the following formula:
+ // totalMem = numBytes*8*2+(2*2)
+ // The two additional bytes at the end are needed to reset the
+ // sequence.
+ //
+ // If there is not enough memory, we will fall back to cycle counter
+ // using DWT
+ uint32_t pattern_size =
+ numBytes * 8 * sizeof(uint16_t) + 2 * sizeof(uint16_t);
+ uint16_t *pixels_pattern = NULL;
+
+ NRF_PWM_Type *pwm = NULL;
+
+ // Try to find a free PWM device, which is not enabled
+ // and has no connected pins
+ NRF_PWM_Type *PWM[] = {
+ NRF_PWM0,
+ NRF_PWM1,
+ NRF_PWM2
+#if defined(NRF_PWM3)
+ ,
+ NRF_PWM3
+#endif
+ };
+
+ for (unsigned int device = 0; device < (sizeof(PWM) / sizeof(PWM[0]));
+ device++) {
+ if ((PWM[device]->ENABLE == 0) &&
+ (PWM[device]->PSEL.OUT[0] & PWM_PSEL_OUT_CONNECT_Msk) &&
+ (PWM[device]->PSEL.OUT[1] & PWM_PSEL_OUT_CONNECT_Msk) &&
+ (PWM[device]->PSEL.OUT[2] & PWM_PSEL_OUT_CONNECT_Msk) &&
+ (PWM[device]->PSEL.OUT[3] & PWM_PSEL_OUT_CONNECT_Msk)) {
+ pwm = PWM[device];
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+
+ // only malloc if there is PWM device available
+ if (pwm != NULL) {
+#if defined(ARDUINO_NRF52_ADAFRUIT) // use thread-safe malloc
+ pixels_pattern = (uint16_t *)rtos_malloc(pattern_size);
+#else
+ pixels_pattern = (uint16_t *)malloc(pattern_size);
+#endif
+ }
+
+ // Use the identified device to choose the implementation
+ // If a PWM device is available use DMA
+ if ((pixels_pattern != NULL) && (pwm != NULL)) {
+ uint16_t pos = 0; // bit position
+
+ for (uint16_t n = 0; n < numBytes; n++) {
+ uint8_t pix = pixels[n];
+
+ for (uint8_t mask = 0x80; mask > 0; mask >>= 1) {
+#if defined(NEO_KHZ400)
+ if (!is800KHz) {
+ pixels_pattern[pos] =
+ (pix & mask) ? MAGIC_T1H_400KHz : MAGIC_T0H_400KHz;
+ } else
+#endif
+ {
+ pixels_pattern[pos] = (pix & mask) ? MAGIC_T1H : MAGIC_T0H;
+ }
+
+ pos++;
+ }
+ }
+
+ // Zero padding to indicate the end of que sequence
+ pixels_pattern[pos++] = 0 | (0x8000); // Seq end
+ pixels_pattern[pos++] = 0 | (0x8000); // Seq end
+
+ // Set the wave mode to count UP
+ pwm->MODE = (PWM_MODE_UPDOWN_Up << PWM_MODE_UPDOWN_Pos);
+
+ // Set the PWM to use the 16MHz clock
+ pwm->PRESCALER =
+ (PWM_PRESCALER_PRESCALER_DIV_1 << PWM_PRESCALER_PRESCALER_Pos);
+
+ // Setting of the maximum count
+ // but keeping it on 16Mhz allows for more granularity just
+ // in case someone wants to do more fine-tuning of the timing.
+#if defined(NEO_KHZ400)
+ if (!is800KHz) {
+ pwm->COUNTERTOP = (CTOPVAL_400KHz << PWM_COUNTERTOP_COUNTERTOP_Pos);
+ } else
+#endif
+ {
+ pwm->COUNTERTOP = (CTOPVAL << PWM_COUNTERTOP_COUNTERTOP_Pos);
+ }
+
+ // Disable loops, we want the sequence to repeat only once
+ pwm->LOOP = (PWM_LOOP_CNT_Disabled << PWM_LOOP_CNT_Pos);
+
+ // On the "Common" setting the PWM uses the same pattern for the
+ // for supported sequences. The pattern is stored on half-word
+ // of 16bits
+ pwm->DECODER = (PWM_DECODER_LOAD_Common << PWM_DECODER_LOAD_Pos) |
+ (PWM_DECODER_MODE_RefreshCount << PWM_DECODER_MODE_Pos);
+
+ // Pointer to the memory storing the patter
+ pwm->SEQ[0].PTR = (uint32_t)(pixels_pattern) << PWM_SEQ_PTR_PTR_Pos;
+
+ // Calculation of the number of steps loaded from memory.
+ pwm->SEQ[0].CNT = (pattern_size / sizeof(uint16_t)) << PWM_SEQ_CNT_CNT_Pos;
+
+ // The following settings are ignored with the current config.
+ pwm->SEQ[0].REFRESH = 0;
+ pwm->SEQ[0].ENDDELAY = 0;
+
+ // The Neopixel implementation is a blocking algorithm. DMA
+ // allows for non-blocking operation. To "simulate" a blocking
+ // operation we enable the interruption for the end of sequence
+ // and block the execution thread until the event flag is set by
+ // the peripheral.
+ // pwm->INTEN |= (PWM_INTEN_SEQEND0_Enabled<PSEL.OUT[0] = g_APinDescription[pin].name;
+#else
+ pwm->PSEL.OUT[0] = g_ADigitalPinMap[pin];
+#endif
+
+ // Enable the PWM
+ pwm->ENABLE = 1;
+
+ // After all of this and many hours of reading the documentation
+ // we are ready to start the sequence...
+ pwm->EVENTS_SEQEND[0] = 0;
+ pwm->TASKS_SEQSTART[0] = 1;
+
+ // But we have to wait for the flag to be set.
+ while (!pwm->EVENTS_SEQEND[0]) {
+#if defined(ARDUINO_NRF52_ADAFRUIT) || defined(ARDUINO_ARCH_NRF52840)
+ yield();
+#endif
+ }
+
+ // Before leave we clear the flag for the event.
+ pwm->EVENTS_SEQEND[0] = 0;
+
+ // We need to disable the device and disconnect
+ // all the outputs before leave or the device will not
+ // be selected on the next call.
+ // TODO: Check if disabling the device causes performance issues.
+ pwm->ENABLE = 0;
+
+ pwm->PSEL.OUT[0] = 0xFFFFFFFFUL;
+
+#if defined(ARDUINO_NRF52_ADAFRUIT) // use thread-safe free
+ rtos_free(pixels_pattern);
+#else
+ free(pixels_pattern);
+#endif
+ } // End of DMA implementation
+ // ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+ else {
+#ifndef ARDUINO_ARCH_NRF52840
+// Fall back to DWT
+#if defined(ARDUINO_NRF52_ADAFRUIT)
+ // Bluefruit Feather 52 uses freeRTOS
+ // Critical Section is used since it does not block SoftDevice execution
+ taskENTER_CRITICAL();
+#elif defined(NRF52_DISABLE_INT)
+ // If you are using the Bluetooth SoftDevice we advise you to not disable
+ // the interrupts. Disabling the interrupts even for short periods of time
+ // causes the SoftDevice to stop working.
+ // Disable the interrupts only in cases where you need high performance for
+ // the LEDs and if you are not using the EasyDMA feature.
+ __disable_irq();
+#endif
+
+ NRF_GPIO_Type *nrf_port = (NRF_GPIO_Type *)digitalPinToPort(pin);
+ uint32_t pinMask = digitalPinToBitMask(pin);
+
+ uint32_t CYCLES_X00 = CYCLES_800;
+ uint32_t CYCLES_X00_T1H = CYCLES_800_T1H;
+ uint32_t CYCLES_X00_T0H = CYCLES_800_T0H;
+
+#if defined(NEO_KHZ400)
+ if (!is800KHz) {
+ CYCLES_X00 = CYCLES_400;
+ CYCLES_X00_T1H = CYCLES_400_T1H;
+ CYCLES_X00_T0H = CYCLES_400_T0H;
+ }
+#endif
+
+ // Enable DWT in debug core
+ CoreDebug->DEMCR |= CoreDebug_DEMCR_TRCENA_Msk;
+ DWT->CTRL |= DWT_CTRL_CYCCNTENA_Msk;
+
+ // Tries to re-send the frame if is interrupted by the SoftDevice.
+ while (1) {
+ uint8_t *p = pixels;
+
+ uint32_t cycStart = DWT->CYCCNT;
+ uint32_t cyc = 0;
+
+ for (uint16_t n = 0; n < numBytes; n++) {
+ uint8_t pix = *p++;
+
+ for (uint8_t mask = 0x80; mask; mask >>= 1) {
+ while (DWT->CYCCNT - cyc < CYCLES_X00)
+ ;
+ cyc = DWT->CYCCNT;
+
+ nrf_port->OUTSET |= pinMask;
+
+ if (pix & mask) {
+ while (DWT->CYCCNT - cyc < CYCLES_X00_T1H)
+ ;
+ } else {
+ while (DWT->CYCCNT - cyc < CYCLES_X00_T0H)
+ ;
+ }
+
+ nrf_port->OUTCLR |= pinMask;
+ }
+ }
+ while (DWT->CYCCNT - cyc < CYCLES_X00)
+ ;
+
+ // If total time longer than 25%, resend the whole data.
+ // Since we are likely to be interrupted by SoftDevice
+ if ((DWT->CYCCNT - cycStart) < (8 * numBytes * ((CYCLES_X00 * 5) / 4))) {
+ break;
+ }
+
+ // re-send need 300us delay
+ delayMicroseconds(300);
+ }
+
+// Enable interrupts again
+#if defined(ARDUINO_NRF52_ADAFRUIT)
+ taskEXIT_CRITICAL();
+#elif defined(NRF52_DISABLE_INT)
+ __enable_irq();
+#endif
+#endif
+ }
+ // END of NRF52 implementation
+
+#elif defined(__SAMD21E17A__) || defined(__SAMD21G18A__) || \
+ defined(__SAMD21E18A__) || defined(__SAMD21J18A__) || \
+ defined (__SAMD11C14A__)
+ // Arduino Zero, Gemma/Trinket M0, SODAQ Autonomo
+ // and others
+ // Tried this with a timer/counter, couldn't quite get adequate
+ // resolution. So yay, you get a load of goofball NOPs...
+
+ uint8_t *ptr, *end, p, bitMask, portNum;
+ uint32_t pinMask;
+
+ portNum = g_APinDescription[pin].ulPort;
+ pinMask = 1ul << g_APinDescription[pin].ulPin;
+ ptr = pixels;
+ end = ptr + numBytes;
+ p = *ptr++;
+ bitMask = 0x80;
+
+ volatile uint32_t *set = &(PORT->Group[portNum].OUTSET.reg),
+ *clr = &(PORT->Group[portNum].OUTCLR.reg);
+
+#if defined(NEO_KHZ400) // 800 KHz check needed only if 400 KHz support enabled
+ if (is800KHz) {
+#endif
+ for (;;) {
+ *set = pinMask;
+ asm("nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;");
+ if (p & bitMask) {
+ asm("nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop;");
+ *clr = pinMask;
+ } else {
+ *clr = pinMask;
+ asm("nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop;");
+ }
+ if (bitMask >>= 1) {
+ asm("nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;");
+ } else {
+ if (ptr >= end)
+ break;
+ p = *ptr++;
+ bitMask = 0x80;
+ }
+ }
+#if defined(NEO_KHZ400)
+ } else { // 400 KHz bitstream
+ for (;;) {
+ *set = pinMask;
+ asm("nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;");
+ if (p & bitMask) {
+ asm("nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop;");
+ *clr = pinMask;
+ } else {
+ *clr = pinMask;
+ asm("nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop;");
+ }
+ asm("nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;");
+ if (bitMask >>= 1) {
+ asm("nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;");
+ } else {
+ if (ptr >= end)
+ break;
+ p = *ptr++;
+ bitMask = 0x80;
+ }
+ }
+ }
+#endif
+
+//----
+#elif defined(XMC1100_XMC2GO) || defined(XMC1100_H_BRIDGE2GO) || defined(XMC1100_Boot_Kit) || defined(XMC1300_Boot_Kit)
+
+ // XMC1100/1200/1300 with ARM Cortex M0 are running with 32MHz, XMC1400 runs with 48MHz so may not work
+ // Tried this with a timer/counter, couldn't quite get adequate
+ // resolution. So yay, you get a load of goofball NOPs...
+
+ uint8_t *ptr, *end, p, bitMask, portNum;
+ uint32_t pinMask;
+
+ ptr = pixels;
+ end = ptr + numBytes;
+ p = *ptr++;
+ bitMask = 0x80;
+
+ XMC_GPIO_PORT_t* XMC_port = mapping_port_pin[ pin ].port;
+ uint8_t XMC_pin = mapping_port_pin[ pin ].pin;
+
+ uint32_t omrhigh = (uint32_t)XMC_GPIO_OUTPUT_LEVEL_HIGH << XMC_pin;
+ uint32_t omrlow = (uint32_t)XMC_GPIO_OUTPUT_LEVEL_LOW << XMC_pin;
+
+#ifdef NEO_KHZ400 // 800 KHz check needed only if 400 KHz support enabled
+ if(is800KHz) {
+#endif
+ for(;;) {
+ XMC_port->OMR = omrhigh;
+ asm("nop; nop; nop; nop;");
+ if(p & bitMask) {
+ asm("nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop;");
+ XMC_port->OMR = omrlow;
+ } else {
+ XMC_port->OMR = omrlow;
+ asm("nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop;");
+ }
+ if(bitMask >>= 1) {
+ asm("nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;");
+ } else {
+ if(ptr >= end) break;
+ p = *ptr++;
+ bitMask = 0x80;
+ }
+ }
+#ifdef NEO_KHZ400 // untested code
+ } else { // 400 KHz bitstream
+ for(;;) {
+ XMC_port->OMR = omrhigh;
+ asm("nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;");
+ if(p & bitMask) {
+ asm("nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;");
+ XMC_port->OMR = omrlow;
+ } else {
+ XMC_port->OMR = omrlow;
+ asm("nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;");
+ }
+ asm("nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;");
+ if(bitMask >>= 1) {
+ asm("nop; nop; nop;");
+ } else {
+ if(ptr >= end) break;
+ p = *ptr++;
+ bitMask = 0x80;
+ }
+ }
+ }
+
+#endif
+//----
+
+//----
+#elif defined(XMC4700_Relax_Kit) || defined(XMC4800_Relax_Kit)
+
+// XMC4700 and XMC4800 with ARM Cortex M4 are running with 144MHz
+// Tried this with a timer/counter, couldn't quite get adequate
+// resolution. So yay, you get a load of goofball NOPs...
+
+uint8_t *ptr, *end, p, bitMask, portNum;
+uint32_t pinMask;
+
+ptr = pixels;
+end = ptr + numBytes;
+p = *ptr++;
+bitMask = 0x80;
+
+XMC_GPIO_PORT_t* XMC_port = mapping_port_pin[ pin ].port;
+uint8_t XMC_pin = mapping_port_pin[ pin ].pin;
+
+uint32_t omrhigh = (uint32_t)XMC_GPIO_OUTPUT_LEVEL_HIGH << XMC_pin;
+uint32_t omrlow = (uint32_t)XMC_GPIO_OUTPUT_LEVEL_LOW << XMC_pin;
+
+#ifdef NEO_KHZ400 // 800 KHz check needed only if 400 KHz support enabled
+if(is800KHz) {
+#endif
+
+ for(;;) {
+ XMC_port->OMR = omrhigh;
+ asm("nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop;");
+ if(p & bitMask) {
+ asm("nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;");
+ XMC_port->OMR = omrlow;
+ } else {
+ XMC_port->OMR = omrlow;
+ asm("nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;");
+ }
+ if(bitMask >>= 1) {
+ asm("nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;");
+ } else {
+ if(ptr >= end) break;
+ p = *ptr++;
+ bitMask = 0x80;
+ }
+ }
+
+
+#ifdef NEO_KHZ400
+ } else { // 400 KHz bitstream
+ // ToDo!
+ }
+#endif
+//----
+
+#elif defined(__SAMD51__) // M4
+
+ uint8_t *ptr, *end, p, bitMask, portNum, bit;
+ uint32_t pinMask;
+
+ portNum = g_APinDescription[pin].ulPort;
+ pinMask = 1ul << g_APinDescription[pin].ulPin;
+ ptr = pixels;
+ end = ptr + numBytes;
+ p = *ptr++;
+ bitMask = 0x80;
+
+ volatile uint32_t *set = &(PORT->Group[portNum].OUTSET.reg),
+ *clr = &(PORT->Group[portNum].OUTCLR.reg);
+
+ // SAMD51 overclock-compatible timing is only a mild abomination.
+ // It uses SysTick for a consistent clock reference regardless of
+ // optimization / cache settings. That's the good news. The bad news,
+ // since SysTick->VAL is a volatile type it's slow to access...and then,
+ // with the SysTick interval that Arduino sets up (1 ms), this would
+ // require a subtract and MOD operation for gauging elapsed time, and
+ // all taken in combination that lacks adequate temporal resolution
+ // for NeoPixel timing. So a kind of horrible thing is done here...
+ // since interrupts are turned off anyway and it's generally accepted
+ // by now that we're gonna lose track of time in the NeoPixel lib,
+ // the SysTick timer is reconfigured for a period matching the NeoPixel
+ // bit timing (either 800 or 400 KHz) and we watch SysTick->VAL very
+ // closely (just a threshold, no subtract or MOD or anything) and that
+ // seems to work just well enough. When finished, the SysTick
+ // peripheral is set back to its original state.
+
+ uint32_t t0, t1, top, ticks, saveLoad = SysTick->LOAD, saveVal = SysTick->VAL;
+
+#if defined(NEO_KHZ400) // 800 KHz check needed only if 400 KHz support enabled
+ if (is800KHz) {
+#endif
+ top = (uint32_t)(F_CPU * 0.00000125); // Bit hi + lo = 1.25 uS
+ t0 = top - (uint32_t)(F_CPU * 0.00000040); // 0 = 0.4 uS hi
+ t1 = top - (uint32_t)(F_CPU * 0.00000080); // 1 = 0.8 uS hi
+#if defined(NEO_KHZ400)
+ } else { // 400 KHz bitstream
+ top = (uint32_t)(F_CPU * 0.00000250); // Bit hi + lo = 2.5 uS
+ t0 = top - (uint32_t)(F_CPU * 0.00000050); // 0 = 0.5 uS hi
+ t1 = top - (uint32_t)(F_CPU * 0.00000120); // 1 = 1.2 uS hi
+ }
+#endif
+
+ SysTick->LOAD = top; // Config SysTick for NeoPixel bit freq
+ SysTick->VAL = top; // Set to start value (counts down)
+ (void)SysTick->VAL; // Dummy read helps sync up 1st bit
+
+ for (;;) {
+ *set = pinMask; // Set output high
+ ticks = (p & bitMask) ? t1 : t0; // SysTick threshold,
+ while (SysTick->VAL > ticks)
+ ; // wait for it
+ *clr = pinMask; // Set output low
+ if (!(bitMask >>= 1)) { // Next bit for this byte...done?
+ if (ptr >= end)
+ break; // If last byte sent, exit loop
+ p = *ptr++; // Fetch next byte
+ bitMask = 0x80; // Reset bitmask
+ }
+ while (SysTick->VAL <= ticks)
+ ; // Wait for rollover to 'top'
+ }
+
+ SysTick->LOAD = saveLoad; // Restore SysTick rollover to 1 ms
+ SysTick->VAL = saveVal; // Restore SysTick value
+
+#elif defined(ARDUINO_STM32_FEATHER) // FEATHER WICED (120MHz)
+
+ // Tried this with a timer/counter, couldn't quite get adequate
+ // resolution. So yay, you get a load of goofball NOPs...
+
+ uint8_t *ptr, *end, p, bitMask;
+ uint32_t pinMask;
+
+ pinMask = BIT(PIN_MAP[pin].gpio_bit);
+ ptr = pixels;
+ end = ptr + numBytes;
+ p = *ptr++;
+ bitMask = 0x80;
+
+ volatile uint16_t *set = &(PIN_MAP[pin].gpio_device->regs->BSRRL);
+ volatile uint16_t *clr = &(PIN_MAP[pin].gpio_device->regs->BSRRH);
+
+#if defined(NEO_KHZ400) // 800 KHz check needed only if 400 KHz support enabled
+ if (is800KHz) {
+#endif
+ for (;;) {
+ if (p & bitMask) { // ONE
+ // High 800ns
+ *set = pinMask;
+ asm("nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;");
+ // Low 450ns
+ *clr = pinMask;
+ asm("nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;");
+ } else { // ZERO
+ // High 400ns
+ *set = pinMask;
+ asm("nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop;");
+ // Low 850ns
+ *clr = pinMask;
+ asm("nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop; nop;"
+ "nop; nop; nop; nop;");
+ }
+ if (bitMask >>= 1) {
+ // Move on to the next pixel
+ asm("nop;");
+ } else {
+ if (ptr >= end)
+ break;
+ p = *ptr++;
+ bitMask = 0x80;
+ }
+ }
+#if defined(NEO_KHZ400)
+ } else { // 400 KHz bitstream
+ // ToDo!
+ }
+#endif
+
+#elif defined(TARGET_LPC1768)
+ uint8_t *ptr, *end, p, bitMask;
+ ptr = pixels;
+ end = ptr + numBytes;
+ p = *ptr++;
+ bitMask = 0x80;
+
+#if defined(NEO_KHZ400) // 800 KHz check needed only if 400 KHz support enabled
+ if (is800KHz) {
+#endif
+ for (;;) {
+ if (p & bitMask) {
+ // data ONE high
+ // min: 550 typ: 700 max: 5,500
+ gpio_set(pin);
+ time::delay_ns(550);
+ // min: 450 typ: 600 max: 5,000
+ gpio_clear(pin);
+ time::delay_ns(450);
+ } else {
+ // data ZERO high
+ // min: 200 typ: 350 max: 500
+ gpio_set(pin);
+ time::delay_ns(200);
+ // data low
+ // min: 450 typ: 600 max: 5,000
+ gpio_clear(pin);
+ time::delay_ns(450);
+ }
+ if (bitMask >>= 1) {
+ // Move on to the next pixel
+ asm("nop;");
+ } else {
+ if (ptr >= end)
+ break;
+ p = *ptr++;
+ bitMask = 0x80;
+ }
+ }
+#if defined(NEO_KHZ400)
+ } else { // 400 KHz bitstream
+ // ToDo!
+ }
+#endif
+#elif defined(ARDUINO_ARCH_STM32) || defined(ARDUINO_ARCH_ARDUINO_CORE_STM32)
+ uint8_t *p = pixels, *end = p + numBytes, pix = *p++, mask = 0x80;
+ uint32_t cyc;
+ uint32_t saveLoad = SysTick->LOAD, saveVal = SysTick->VAL;
+#if defined(NEO_KHZ400) // 800 KHz check needed only if 400 KHz support enabled
+ if (is800KHz) {
+#endif
+ uint32_t top = (F_CPU / 800000); // 1.25µs
+ uint32_t t0 = top - (F_CPU / 2500000); // 0.4µs
+ uint32_t t1 = top - (F_CPU / 1250000); // 0.8µs
+ SysTick->LOAD = top - 1; // Config SysTick for NeoPixel bit freq
+ SysTick->VAL = 0; // Set to start value
+ for (;;) {
+ LL_GPIO_SetOutputPin(gpioPort, gpioPin);
+ cyc = (pix & mask) ? t1 : t0;
+ while (SysTick->VAL > cyc)
+ ;
+ LL_GPIO_ResetOutputPin(gpioPort, gpioPin);
+ if (!(mask >>= 1)) {
+ if (p >= end)
+ break;
+ pix = *p++;
+ mask = 0x80;
+ }
+ while (SysTick->VAL <= cyc)
+ ;
+ }
+#if defined(NEO_KHZ400)
+ } else { // 400 kHz bitstream
+ uint32_t top = (F_CPU / 400000); // 2.5µs
+ uint32_t t0 = top - (F_CPU / 2000000); // 0.5µs
+ uint32_t t1 = top - (F_CPU / 833333); // 1.2µs
+ SysTick->LOAD = top - 1; // Config SysTick for NeoPixel bit freq
+ SysTick->VAL = 0; // Set to start value
+ for (;;) {
+ LL_GPIO_SetOutputPin(gpioPort, gpioPin);
+ cyc = (pix & mask) ? t1 : t0;
+ while (SysTick->VAL > cyc)
+ ;
+ LL_GPIO_ResetOutputPin(gpioPort, gpioPin);
+ if (!(mask >>= 1)) {
+ if (p >= end)
+ break;
+ pix = *p++;
+ mask = 0x80;
+ }
+ while (SysTick->VAL <= cyc)
+ ;
+ }
+ }
+#endif // NEO_KHZ400
+ SysTick->LOAD = saveLoad; // Restore SysTick rollover to 1 ms
+ SysTick->VAL = saveVal; // Restore SysTick value
+#elif defined(NRF51)
+ uint8_t *p = pixels, pix, count, mask;
+ int32_t num = numBytes;
+ unsigned int bitmask = (1 << g_ADigitalPinMap[pin]);
+ // https://github.com/sandeepmistry/arduino-nRF5/blob/dc53980c8bac27898fca90d8ecb268e11111edc1/variants/BBCmicrobit/variant.cpp
+
+ volatile unsigned int *reg = (unsigned int *)(0x50000000UL + 0x508);
+
+ // https://github.com/sandeepmistry/arduino-nRF5/blob/dc53980c8bac27898fca90d8ecb268e11111edc1/cores/nRF5/SDK/components/device/nrf51.h
+ // http://www.iot-programmer.com/index.php/books/27-micro-bit-iot-in-c/chapters-micro-bit-iot-in-c/47-micro-bit-iot-in-c-fast-memory-mapped-gpio?showall=1
+ // https://github.com/Microsoft/pxt-neopixel/blob/master/sendbuffer.asm
+
+ asm volatile(
+ // "cpsid i" ; disable irq
+
+ // b .start
+ "b L%=_start"
+ "\n\t"
+ // .nextbit: ; C0
+ "L%=_nextbit:"
+ "\n\t" //; C0
+ // str r1, [r3, #0] ; pin := hi C2
+ "strb %[bitmask], [%[reg], #0]"
+ "\n\t" //; pin := hi C2
+ // tst r6, r0 ; C3
+ "tst %[mask], %[pix]"
+ "\n\t" // ; C3
+ // bne .islate ; C4
+ "bne L%=_islate"
+ "\n\t" //; C4
+ // str r1, [r2, #0] ; pin := lo C6
+ "strb %[bitmask], [%[reg], #4]"
+ "\n\t" //; pin := lo C6
+ // .islate:
+ "L%=_islate:"
+ "\n\t"
+ // lsrs r6, r6, #1 ; r6 >>= 1 C7
+ "lsr %[mask], %[mask], #1"
+ "\n\t" //; r6 >>= 1 C7
+ // bne .justbit ; C8
+ "bne L%=_justbit"
+ "\n\t" //; C8
+
+ // ; not just a bit - need new byte
+ // adds r4, #1 ; r4++ C9
+ "add %[p], #1"
+ "\n\t" //; r4++ C9
+ // subs r5, #1 ; r5-- C10
+ "sub %[num], #1"
+ "\n\t" //; r5-- C10
+ // bcc .stop ; if (r5<0) goto .stop C11
+ "bcc L%=_stop"
+ "\n\t" //; if (r5<0) goto .stop C11
+ // .start:
+ "L%=_start:"
+ // movs r6, #0x80 ; reset mask C12
+ "movs %[mask], #0x80"
+ "\n\t" //; reset mask C12
+ // nop ; C13
+ "nop"
+ "\n\t" //; C13
+
+ // .common: ; C13
+ "L%=_common:"
+ "\n\t" //; C13
+ // str r1, [r2, #0] ; pin := lo C15
+ "strb %[bitmask], [%[reg], #4]"
+ "\n\t" //; pin := lo C15
+ // ; always re-load byte - it just fits with the cycles better this way
+ // ldrb r0, [r4, #0] ; r0 := *r4 C17
+ "ldrb %[pix], [%[p], #0]"
+ "\n\t" //; r0 := *r4 C17
+ // b .nextbit ; C20
+ "b L%=_nextbit"
+ "\n\t" //; C20
+
+ // .justbit: ; C10
+ "L%=_justbit:"
+ "\n\t" //; C10
+ // ; no nops, branch taken is already 3 cycles
+ // b .common ; C13
+ "b L%=_common"
+ "\n\t" //; C13
+
+ // .stop:
+ "L%=_stop:"
+ "\n\t"
+ // str r1, [r2, #0] ; pin := lo
+ "strb %[bitmask], [%[reg], #4]"
+ "\n\t" //; pin := lo
+ // cpsie i ; enable irq
+
+ : [p] "+r"(p), [pix] "=&r"(pix), [count] "=&r"(count), [mask] "=&r"(mask),
+ [num] "+r"(num)
+ : [bitmask] "r"(bitmask), [reg] "r"(reg));
+
+#elif defined(__SAM3X8E__) // Arduino Due
+
+#define SCALE VARIANT_MCK / 2UL / 1000000UL
+#define INST (2UL * F_CPU / VARIANT_MCK)
+#define TIME_800_0 ((int)(0.40 * SCALE + 0.5) - (5 * INST))
+#define TIME_800_1 ((int)(0.80 * SCALE + 0.5) - (5 * INST))
+#define PERIOD_800 ((int)(1.25 * SCALE + 0.5) - (5 * INST))
+#define TIME_400_0 ((int)(0.50 * SCALE + 0.5) - (5 * INST))
+#define TIME_400_1 ((int)(1.20 * SCALE + 0.5) - (5 * INST))
+#define PERIOD_400 ((int)(2.50 * SCALE + 0.5) - (5 * INST))
+
+ int pinMask, time0, time1, period, t;
+ Pio *port;
+ volatile WoReg *portSet, *portClear, *timeValue, *timeReset;
+ uint8_t *p, *end, pix, mask;
+
+ pmc_set_writeprotect(false);
+ pmc_enable_periph_clk((uint32_t)TC3_IRQn);
+ TC_Configure(TC1, 0,
+ TC_CMR_WAVE | TC_CMR_WAVSEL_UP | TC_CMR_TCCLKS_TIMER_CLOCK1);
+ TC_Start(TC1, 0);
+
+ pinMask = g_APinDescription[pin].ulPin; // Don't 'optimize' these into
+ port = g_APinDescription[pin].pPort; // declarations above. Want to
+ portSet = &(port->PIO_SODR); // burn a few cycles after
+ portClear = &(port->PIO_CODR); // starting timer to minimize
+ timeValue = &(TC1->TC_CHANNEL[0].TC_CV); // the initial 'while'.
+ timeReset = &(TC1->TC_CHANNEL[0].TC_CCR);
+ p = pixels;
+ end = p + numBytes;
+ pix = *p++;
+ mask = 0x80;
+
+#if defined(NEO_KHZ400) // 800 KHz check needed only if 400 KHz support enabled
+ if (is800KHz) {
+#endif
+ time0 = TIME_800_0;
+ time1 = TIME_800_1;
+ period = PERIOD_800;
+#if defined(NEO_KHZ400)
+ } else { // 400 KHz bitstream
+ time0 = TIME_400_0;
+ time1 = TIME_400_1;
+ period = PERIOD_400;
+ }
+#endif
+
+ for (t = time0;; t = time0) {
+ if (pix & mask)
+ t = time1;
+ while (*timeValue < (unsigned)period)
+ ;
+ *portSet = pinMask;
+ *timeReset = TC_CCR_CLKEN | TC_CCR_SWTRG;
+ while (*timeValue < (unsigned)t)
+ ;
+ *portClear = pinMask;
+ if (!(mask >>= 1)) { // This 'inside-out' loop logic utilizes
+ if (p >= end)
+ break; // idle time to minimize inter-byte delays.
+ pix = *p++;
+ mask = 0x80;
+ }
+ }
+ while (*timeValue < (unsigned)period)
+ ; // Wait for last bit
+ TC_Stop(TC1, 0);
+
+#endif // end Due
+
+ // END ARM ----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+#elif defined(ESP8266) || defined(ESP32)
+
+ // ESP8266 ----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+ // ESP8266 show() is external to enforce ICACHE_RAM_ATTR execution
+ espShow(pin, pixels, numBytes, is800KHz);
+
+#elif defined(KENDRYTE_K210)
+
+ k210Show(pin, pixels, numBytes, is800KHz);
+
+#elif defined(__ARDUINO_ARC__)
+
+ // Arduino 101 -----------------------------------------------------------
+
+#define NOPx7 \
+ { \
+ __builtin_arc_nop(); \
+ __builtin_arc_nop(); \
+ __builtin_arc_nop(); \
+ __builtin_arc_nop(); \
+ __builtin_arc_nop(); \
+ __builtin_arc_nop(); \
+ __builtin_arc_nop(); \
+ }
+
+ PinDescription *pindesc = &g_APinDescription[pin];
+ register uint32_t loop =
+ 8 * numBytes; // one loop to handle all bytes and all bits
+ register uint8_t *p = pixels;
+ register uint32_t currByte = (uint32_t)(*p);
+ register uint32_t currBit = 0x80 & currByte;
+ register uint32_t bitCounter = 0;
+ register uint32_t first = 1;
+
+ // The loop is unusual. Very first iteration puts all the way LOW to the wire
+ // - constant LOW does not affect NEOPIXEL, so there is no visible effect
+ // displayed. During that very first iteration CPU caches instructions in the
+ // loop. Because of the caching process, "CPU slows down". NEOPIXEL pulse is
+ // very time sensitive that's why we let the CPU cache first and we start
+ // regular pulse from 2nd iteration
+ if (pindesc->ulGPIOType == SS_GPIO) {
+ register uint32_t reg = pindesc->ulGPIOBase + SS_GPIO_SWPORTA_DR;
+ uint32_t reg_val = __builtin_arc_lr((volatile uint32_t)reg);
+ register uint32_t reg_bit_high = reg_val | (1 << pindesc->ulGPIOId);
+ register uint32_t reg_bit_low = reg_val & ~(1 << pindesc->ulGPIOId);
+
+ loop += 1; // include first, special iteration
+ while (loop--) {
+ if (!first) {
+ currByte <<= 1;
+ bitCounter++;
+ }
+
+ // 1 is >550ns high and >450ns low; 0 is 200..500ns high and >450ns low
+ __builtin_arc_sr(first ? reg_bit_low : reg_bit_high,
+ (volatile uint32_t)reg);
+ if (currBit) { // ~400ns HIGH (740ns overall)
+ NOPx7 NOPx7
+ }
+ // ~340ns HIGH
+ NOPx7 __builtin_arc_nop();
+
+ // 820ns LOW; per spec, max allowed low here is 5000ns */
+ __builtin_arc_sr(reg_bit_low, (volatile uint32_t)reg);
+ NOPx7 NOPx7
+
+ if (bitCounter >= 8) {
+ bitCounter = 0;
+ currByte = (uint32_t)(*++p);
+ }
+
+ currBit = 0x80 & currByte;
+ first = 0;
+ }
+ } else if (pindesc->ulGPIOType == SOC_GPIO) {
+ register uint32_t reg = pindesc->ulGPIOBase + SOC_GPIO_SWPORTA_DR;
+ uint32_t reg_val = MMIO_REG_VAL(reg);
+ register uint32_t reg_bit_high = reg_val | (1 << pindesc->ulGPIOId);
+ register uint32_t reg_bit_low = reg_val & ~(1 << pindesc->ulGPIOId);
+
+ loop += 1; // include first, special iteration
+ while (loop--) {
+ if (!first) {
+ currByte <<= 1;
+ bitCounter++;
+ }
+ MMIO_REG_VAL(reg) = first ? reg_bit_low : reg_bit_high;
+ if (currBit) { // ~430ns HIGH (740ns overall)
+ NOPx7 NOPx7 __builtin_arc_nop();
+ }
+ // ~310ns HIGH
+ NOPx7
+
+ // 850ns LOW; per spec, max allowed low here is 5000ns */
+ MMIO_REG_VAL(reg) = reg_bit_low;
+ NOPx7 NOPx7
+
+ if (bitCounter >= 8) {
+ bitCounter = 0;
+ currByte = (uint32_t)(*++p);
+ }
+
+ currBit = 0x80 & currByte;
+ first = 0;
+ }
+ }
+
+#else
+#error Architecture not supported
+#endif
+
+ // END ARCHITECTURE SELECT ------------------------------------------------
+
+#if !(defined(NRF52) || defined(NRF52_SERIES) || defined(ESP32))
+ interrupts();
+#endif
+
+ endTime = micros(); // Save EOD time for latch on next call
+}
+
+/*!
+ @brief Set/change the NeoPixel output pin number. Previous pin,
+ if any, is set to INPUT and the new pin is set to OUTPUT.
+ @param p Arduino pin number (-1 = no pin).
+*/
+void Adafruit_NeoPixel::setPin(int16_t p) {
+ if (begun && (pin >= 0))
+ pinMode(pin, INPUT); // Disable existing out pin
+ pin = p;
+ if (begun) {
+ pinMode(p, OUTPUT);
+ digitalWrite(p, LOW);
+ }
+#if defined(__AVR__)
+ port = portOutputRegister(digitalPinToPort(p));
+ pinMask = digitalPinToBitMask(p);
+#endif
+#if defined(ARDUINO_ARCH_STM32) || defined(ARDUINO_ARCH_ARDUINO_CORE_STM32)
+ gpioPort = digitalPinToPort(p);
+ gpioPin = STM_LL_GPIO_PIN(digitalPinToPinName(p));
+#endif
+}
+
+/*!
+ @brief Set a pixel's color using separate red, green and blue
+ components. If using RGBW pixels, white will be set to 0.
+ @param n Pixel index, starting from 0.
+ @param r Red brightness, 0 = minimum (off), 255 = maximum.
+ @param g Green brightness, 0 = minimum (off), 255 = maximum.
+ @param b Blue brightness, 0 = minimum (off), 255 = maximum.
+*/
+void Adafruit_NeoPixel::setPixelColor(uint16_t n, uint8_t r, uint8_t g,
+ uint8_t b) {
+
+ if (n < numLEDs) {
+ if (brightness) { // See notes in setBrightness()
+ r = (r * brightness) >> 8;
+ g = (g * brightness) >> 8;
+ b = (b * brightness) >> 8;
+ }
+ uint8_t *p;
+ if (wOffset == rOffset) { // Is an RGB-type strip
+ p = &pixels[n * 3]; // 3 bytes per pixel
+ } else { // Is a WRGB-type strip
+ p = &pixels[n * 4]; // 4 bytes per pixel
+ p[wOffset] = 0; // But only R,G,B passed -- set W to 0
+ }
+ p[rOffset] = r; // R,G,B always stored
+ p[gOffset] = g;
+ p[bOffset] = b;
+ }
+}
+
+/*!
+ @brief Set a pixel's color using separate red, green, blue and white
+ components (for RGBW NeoPixels only).
+ @param n Pixel index, starting from 0.
+ @param r Red brightness, 0 = minimum (off), 255 = maximum.
+ @param g Green brightness, 0 = minimum (off), 255 = maximum.
+ @param b Blue brightness, 0 = minimum (off), 255 = maximum.
+ @param w White brightness, 0 = minimum (off), 255 = maximum, ignored
+ if using RGB pixels.
+*/
+void Adafruit_NeoPixel::setPixelColor(uint16_t n, uint8_t r, uint8_t g,
+ uint8_t b, uint8_t w) {
+
+ if (n < numLEDs) {
+ if (brightness) { // See notes in setBrightness()
+ r = (r * brightness) >> 8;
+ g = (g * brightness) >> 8;
+ b = (b * brightness) >> 8;
+ w = (w * brightness) >> 8;
+ }
+ uint8_t *p;
+ if (wOffset == rOffset) { // Is an RGB-type strip
+ p = &pixels[n * 3]; // 3 bytes per pixel (ignore W)
+ } else { // Is a WRGB-type strip
+ p = &pixels[n * 4]; // 4 bytes per pixel
+ p[wOffset] = w; // Store W
+ }
+ p[rOffset] = r; // Store R,G,B
+ p[gOffset] = g;
+ p[bOffset] = b;
+ }
+}
+
+/*!
+ @brief Set a pixel's color using a 32-bit 'packed' RGB or RGBW value.
+ @param n Pixel index, starting from 0.
+ @param c 32-bit color value. Most significant byte is white (for RGBW
+ pixels) or ignored (for RGB pixels), next is red, then green,
+ and least significant byte is blue.
+*/
+void Adafruit_NeoPixel::setPixelColor(uint16_t n, uint32_t c) {
+ if (n < numLEDs) {
+ uint8_t *p, r = (uint8_t)(c >> 16), g = (uint8_t)(c >> 8), b = (uint8_t)c;
+ if (brightness) { // See notes in setBrightness()
+ r = (r * brightness) >> 8;
+ g = (g * brightness) >> 8;
+ b = (b * brightness) >> 8;
+ }
+ if (wOffset == rOffset) {
+ p = &pixels[n * 3];
+ } else {
+ p = &pixels[n * 4];
+ uint8_t w = (uint8_t)(c >> 24);
+ p[wOffset] = brightness ? ((w * brightness) >> 8) : w;
+ }
+ p[rOffset] = r;
+ p[gOffset] = g;
+ p[bOffset] = b;
+ }
+}
+
+/*!
+ @brief Fill all or part of the NeoPixel strip with a color.
+ @param c 32-bit color value. Most significant byte is white (for
+ RGBW pixels) or ignored (for RGB pixels), next is red,
+ then green, and least significant byte is blue. If all
+ arguments are unspecified, this will be 0 (off).
+ @param first Index of first pixel to fill, starting from 0. Must be
+ in-bounds, no clipping is performed. 0 if unspecified.
+ @param count Number of pixels to fill, as a positive value. Passing
+ 0 or leaving unspecified will fill to end of strip.
+*/
+void Adafruit_NeoPixel::fill(uint32_t c, uint16_t first, uint16_t count) {
+ uint16_t i, end;
+
+ if (first >= numLEDs) {
+ return; // If first LED is past end of strip, nothing to do
+ }
+
+ // Calculate the index ONE AFTER the last pixel to fill
+ if (count == 0) {
+ // Fill to end of strip
+ end = numLEDs;
+ } else {
+ // Ensure that the loop won't go past the last pixel
+ end = first + count;
+ if (end > numLEDs)
+ end = numLEDs;
+ }
+
+ for (i = first; i < end; i++) {
+ this->setPixelColor(i, c);
+ }
+}
+
+/*!
+ @brief Convert hue, saturation and value into a packed 32-bit RGB color
+ that can be passed to setPixelColor() or other RGB-compatible
+ functions.
+ @param hue An unsigned 16-bit value, 0 to 65535, representing one full
+ loop of the color wheel, which allows 16-bit hues to "roll
+ over" while still doing the expected thing (and allowing
+ more precision than the wheel() function that was common to
+ prior NeoPixel examples).
+ @param sat Saturation, 8-bit value, 0 (min or pure grayscale) to 255
+ (max or pure hue). Default of 255 if unspecified.
+ @param val Value (brightness), 8-bit value, 0 (min / black / off) to
+ 255 (max or full brightness). Default of 255 if unspecified.
+ @return Packed 32-bit RGB with the most significant byte set to 0 -- the
+ white element of WRGB pixels is NOT utilized. Result is linearly
+ but not perceptually correct, so you may want to pass the result
+ through the gamma32() function (or your own gamma-correction
+ operation) else colors may appear washed out. This is not done
+ automatically by this function because coders may desire a more
+ refined gamma-correction function than the simplified
+ one-size-fits-all operation of gamma32(). Diffusing the LEDs also
+ really seems to help when using low-saturation colors.
+*/
+uint32_t Adafruit_NeoPixel::ColorHSV(uint16_t hue, uint8_t sat, uint8_t val) {
+
+ uint8_t r, g, b;
+
+ // Remap 0-65535 to 0-1529. Pure red is CENTERED on the 64K rollover;
+ // 0 is not the start of pure red, but the midpoint...a few values above
+ // zero and a few below 65536 all yield pure red (similarly, 32768 is the
+ // midpoint, not start, of pure cyan). The 8-bit RGB hexcone (256 values
+ // each for red, green, blue) really only allows for 1530 distinct hues
+ // (not 1536, more on that below), but the full unsigned 16-bit type was
+ // chosen for hue so that one's code can easily handle a contiguous color
+ // wheel by allowing hue to roll over in either direction.
+ hue = (hue * 1530L + 32768) / 65536;
+ // Because red is centered on the rollover point (the +32768 above,
+ // essentially a fixed-point +0.5), the above actually yields 0 to 1530,
+ // where 0 and 1530 would yield the same thing. Rather than apply a
+ // costly modulo operator, 1530 is handled as a special case below.
+
+ // So you'd think that the color "hexcone" (the thing that ramps from
+ // pure red, to pure yellow, to pure green and so forth back to red,
+ // yielding six slices), and with each color component having 256
+ // possible values (0-255), might have 1536 possible items (6*256),
+ // but in reality there's 1530. This is because the last element in
+ // each 256-element slice is equal to the first element of the next
+ // slice, and keeping those in there this would create small
+ // discontinuities in the color wheel. So the last element of each
+ // slice is dropped...we regard only elements 0-254, with item 255
+ // being picked up as element 0 of the next slice. Like this:
+ // Red to not-quite-pure-yellow is: 255, 0, 0 to 255, 254, 0
+ // Pure yellow to not-quite-pure-green is: 255, 255, 0 to 1, 255, 0
+ // Pure green to not-quite-pure-cyan is: 0, 255, 0 to 0, 255, 254
+ // and so forth. Hence, 1530 distinct hues (0 to 1529), and hence why
+ // the constants below are not the multiples of 256 you might expect.
+
+ // Convert hue to R,G,B (nested ifs faster than divide+mod+switch):
+ if (hue < 510) { // Red to Green-1
+ b = 0;
+ if (hue < 255) { // Red to Yellow-1
+ r = 255;
+ g = hue; // g = 0 to 254
+ } else { // Yellow to Green-1
+ r = 510 - hue; // r = 255 to 1
+ g = 255;
+ }
+ } else if (hue < 1020) { // Green to Blue-1
+ r = 0;
+ if (hue < 765) { // Green to Cyan-1
+ g = 255;
+ b = hue - 510; // b = 0 to 254
+ } else { // Cyan to Blue-1
+ g = 1020 - hue; // g = 255 to 1
+ b = 255;
+ }
+ } else if (hue < 1530) { // Blue to Red-1
+ g = 0;
+ if (hue < 1275) { // Blue to Magenta-1
+ r = hue - 1020; // r = 0 to 254
+ b = 255;
+ } else { // Magenta to Red-1
+ r = 255;
+ b = 1530 - hue; // b = 255 to 1
+ }
+ } else { // Last 0.5 Red (quicker than % operator)
+ r = 255;
+ g = b = 0;
+ }
+
+ // Apply saturation and value to R,G,B, pack into 32-bit result:
+ uint32_t v1 = 1 + val; // 1 to 256; allows >>8 instead of /255
+ uint16_t s1 = 1 + sat; // 1 to 256; same reason
+ uint8_t s2 = 255 - sat; // 255 to 0
+ return ((((((r * s1) >> 8) + s2) * v1) & 0xff00) << 8) |
+ (((((g * s1) >> 8) + s2) * v1) & 0xff00) |
+ (((((b * s1) >> 8) + s2) * v1) >> 8);
+}
+
+/*!
+ @brief Query the color of a previously-set pixel.
+ @param n Index of pixel to read (0 = first).
+ @return 'Packed' 32-bit RGB or WRGB value. Most significant byte is white
+ (for RGBW pixels) or 0 (for RGB pixels), next is red, then green,
+ and least significant byte is blue.
+ @note If the strip brightness has been changed from the default value
+ of 255, the color read from a pixel may not exactly match what
+ was previously written with one of the setPixelColor() functions.
+ This gets more pronounced at lower brightness levels.
+*/
+uint32_t Adafruit_NeoPixel::getPixelColor(uint16_t n) const {
+ if (n >= numLEDs)
+ return 0; // Out of bounds, return no color.
+
+ uint8_t *p;
+
+ if (wOffset == rOffset) { // Is RGB-type device
+ p = &pixels[n * 3];
+ if (brightness) {
+ // Stored color was decimated by setBrightness(). Returned value
+ // attempts to scale back to an approximation of the original 24-bit
+ // value used when setting the pixel color, but there will always be
+ // some error -- those bits are simply gone. Issue is most
+ // pronounced at low brightness levels.
+ return (((uint32_t)(p[rOffset] << 8) / brightness) << 16) |
+ (((uint32_t)(p[gOffset] << 8) / brightness) << 8) |
+ ((uint32_t)(p[bOffset] << 8) / brightness);
+ } else {
+ // No brightness adjustment has been made -- return 'raw' color
+ return ((uint32_t)p[rOffset] << 16) | ((uint32_t)p[gOffset] << 8) |
+ (uint32_t)p[bOffset];
+ }
+ } else { // Is RGBW-type device
+ p = &pixels[n * 4];
+ if (brightness) { // Return scaled color
+ return (((uint32_t)(p[wOffset] << 8) / brightness) << 24) |
+ (((uint32_t)(p[rOffset] << 8) / brightness) << 16) |
+ (((uint32_t)(p[gOffset] << 8) / brightness) << 8) |
+ ((uint32_t)(p[bOffset] << 8) / brightness);
+ } else { // Return raw color
+ return ((uint32_t)p[wOffset] << 24) | ((uint32_t)p[rOffset] << 16) |
+ ((uint32_t)p[gOffset] << 8) | (uint32_t)p[bOffset];
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+/*!
+ @brief Adjust output brightness. Does not immediately affect what's
+ currently displayed on the LEDs. The next call to show() will
+ refresh the LEDs at this level.
+ @param b Brightness setting, 0=minimum (off), 255=brightest.
+ @note This was intended for one-time use in one's setup() function,
+ not as an animation effect in itself. Because of the way this
+ library "pre-multiplies" LED colors in RAM, changing the
+ brightness is often a "lossy" operation -- what you write to
+ pixels isn't necessary the same as what you'll read back.
+ Repeated brightness changes using this function exacerbate the
+ problem. Smart programs therefore treat the strip as a
+ write-only resource, maintaining their own state to render each
+ frame of an animation, not relying on read-modify-write.
+*/
+void Adafruit_NeoPixel::setBrightness(uint8_t b) {
+ // Stored brightness value is different than what's passed.
+ // This simplifies the actual scaling math later, allowing a fast
+ // 8x8-bit multiply and taking the MSB. 'brightness' is a uint8_t,
+ // adding 1 here may (intentionally) roll over...so 0 = max brightness
+ // (color values are interpreted literally; no scaling), 1 = min
+ // brightness (off), 255 = just below max brightness.
+ uint8_t newBrightness = b + 1;
+ if (newBrightness != brightness) { // Compare against prior value
+ // Brightness has changed -- re-scale existing data in RAM,
+ // This process is potentially "lossy," especially when increasing
+ // brightness. The tight timing in the WS2811/WS2812 code means there
+ // aren't enough free cycles to perform this scaling on the fly as data
+ // is issued. So we make a pass through the existing color data in RAM
+ // and scale it (subsequent graphics commands also work at this
+ // brightness level). If there's a significant step up in brightness,
+ // the limited number of steps (quantization) in the old data will be
+ // quite visible in the re-scaled version. For a non-destructive
+ // change, you'll need to re-render the full strip data. C'est la vie.
+ uint8_t c, *ptr = pixels,
+ oldBrightness = brightness - 1; // De-wrap old brightness value
+ uint16_t scale;
+ if (oldBrightness == 0)
+ scale = 0; // Avoid /0
+ else if (b == 255)
+ scale = 65535 / oldBrightness;
+ else
+ scale = (((uint16_t)newBrightness << 8) - 1) / oldBrightness;
+ for (uint16_t i = 0; i < numBytes; i++) {
+ c = *ptr;
+ *ptr++ = (c * scale) >> 8;
+ }
+ brightness = newBrightness;
+ }
+}
+
+/*!
+ @brief Retrieve the last-set brightness value for the strip.
+ @return Brightness value: 0 = minimum (off), 255 = maximum.
+*/
+uint8_t Adafruit_NeoPixel::getBrightness(void) const { return brightness - 1; }
+
+/*!
+ @brief Fill the whole NeoPixel strip with 0 / black / off.
+*/
+void Adafruit_NeoPixel::clear(void) { memset(pixels, 0, numBytes); }
+
+// A 32-bit variant of gamma8() that applies the same function
+// to all components of a packed RGB or WRGB value.
+uint32_t Adafruit_NeoPixel::gamma32(uint32_t x) {
+ uint8_t *y = (uint8_t *)&x;
+ // All four bytes of a 32-bit value are filtered even if RGB (not WRGB),
+ // to avoid a bunch of shifting and masking that would be necessary for
+ // properly handling different endianisms (and each byte is a fairly
+ // trivial operation, so it might not even be wasting cycles vs a check
+ // and branch for the RGB case). In theory this might cause trouble *if*
+ // someone's storing information in the unused most significant byte
+ // of an RGB value, but this seems exceedingly rare and if it's
+ // encountered in reality they can mask values going in or coming out.
+ for (uint8_t i = 0; i < 4; i++)
+ y[i] = gamma8(y[i]);
+ return x; // Packed 32-bit return
+}
+
+/*!
+ @brief Fill NeoPixel strip with one or more cycles of hues.
+ Everyone loves the rainbow swirl so much, now it's canon!
+ @param first_hue Hue of first pixel, 0-65535, representing one full
+ cycle of the color wheel. Each subsequent pixel will
+ be offset to complete one or more cycles over the
+ length of the strip.
+ @param reps Number of cycles of the color wheel over the length
+ of the strip. Default is 1. Negative values can be
+ used to reverse the hue order.
+ @param saturation Saturation (optional), 0-255 = gray to pure hue,
+ default = 255.
+ @param brightness Brightness/value (optional), 0-255 = off to max,
+ default = 255. This is distinct and in combination
+ with any configured global strip brightness.
+ @param gammify If true (default), apply gamma correction to colors
+ for better appearance.
+*/
+void Adafruit_NeoPixel::rainbow(uint16_t first_hue, int8_t reps,
+ uint8_t saturation, uint8_t brightness, bool gammify) {
+ for (uint16_t i=0; i.
+ *
+ */
+
+#ifndef ADAFRUIT_NEOPIXEL_H
+#define ADAFRUIT_NEOPIXEL_H
+
+#ifdef ARDUINO
+#if (ARDUINO >= 100)
+#include
+#else
+#include
+#include
+#endif
+
+#ifdef USE_TINYUSB // For Serial when selecting TinyUSB
+#include
+#endif
+
+#endif
+
+#ifdef TARGET_LPC1768
+#include
+#endif
+
+#if defined(ARDUINO_ARCH_RP2040)
+#include
+#include "hardware/pio.h"
+#include "hardware/clocks.h"
+#include "rp2040_pio.h"
+#endif
+
+// The order of primary colors in the NeoPixel data stream can vary among
+// device types, manufacturers and even different revisions of the same
+// item. The third parameter to the Adafruit_NeoPixel constructor encodes
+// the per-pixel byte offsets of the red, green and blue primaries (plus
+// white, if present) in the data stream -- the following #defines provide
+// an easier-to-use named version for each permutation. e.g. NEO_GRB
+// indicates a NeoPixel-compatible device expecting three bytes per pixel,
+// with the first byte transmitted containing the green value, second
+// containing red and third containing blue. The in-memory representation
+// of a chain of NeoPixels is the same as the data-stream order; no
+// re-ordering of bytes is required when issuing data to the chain.
+// Most of these values won't exist in real-world devices, but it's done
+// this way so we're ready for it (also, if using the WS2811 driver IC,
+// one might have their pixels set up in any weird permutation).
+
+// Bits 5,4 of this value are the offset (0-3) from the first byte of a
+// pixel to the location of the red color byte. Bits 3,2 are the green
+// offset and 1,0 are the blue offset. If it is an RGBW-type device
+// (supporting a white primary in addition to R,G,B), bits 7,6 are the
+// offset to the white byte...otherwise, bits 7,6 are set to the same value
+// as 5,4 (red) to indicate an RGB (not RGBW) device.
+// i.e. binary representation:
+// 0bWWRRGGBB for RGBW devices
+// 0bRRRRGGBB for RGB
+
+// RGB NeoPixel permutations; white and red offsets are always same
+// Offset: W R G B
+#define NEO_RGB ((0 << 6) | (0 << 4) | (1 << 2) | (2)) ///< Transmit as R,G,B
+#define NEO_RBG ((0 << 6) | (0 << 4) | (2 << 2) | (1)) ///< Transmit as R,B,G
+#define NEO_GRB ((1 << 6) | (1 << 4) | (0 << 2) | (2)) ///< Transmit as G,R,B
+#define NEO_GBR ((2 << 6) | (2 << 4) | (0 << 2) | (1)) ///< Transmit as G,B,R
+#define NEO_BRG ((1 << 6) | (1 << 4) | (2 << 2) | (0)) ///< Transmit as B,R,G
+#define NEO_BGR ((2 << 6) | (2 << 4) | (1 << 2) | (0)) ///< Transmit as B,G,R
+
+// RGBW NeoPixel permutations; all 4 offsets are distinct
+// Offset: W R G B
+#define NEO_WRGB ((0 << 6) | (1 << 4) | (2 << 2) | (3)) ///< Transmit as W,R,G,B
+#define NEO_WRBG ((0 << 6) | (1 << 4) | (3 << 2) | (2)) ///< Transmit as W,R,B,G
+#define NEO_WGRB ((0 << 6) | (2 << 4) | (1 << 2) | (3)) ///< Transmit as W,G,R,B
+#define NEO_WGBR ((0 << 6) | (3 << 4) | (1 << 2) | (2)) ///< Transmit as W,G,B,R
+#define NEO_WBRG ((0 << 6) | (2 << 4) | (3 << 2) | (1)) ///< Transmit as W,B,R,G
+#define NEO_WBGR ((0 << 6) | (3 << 4) | (2 << 2) | (1)) ///< Transmit as W,B,G,R
+
+#define NEO_RWGB ((1 << 6) | (0 << 4) | (2 << 2) | (3)) ///< Transmit as R,W,G,B
+#define NEO_RWBG ((1 << 6) | (0 << 4) | (3 << 2) | (2)) ///< Transmit as R,W,B,G
+#define NEO_RGWB ((2 << 6) | (0 << 4) | (1 << 2) | (3)) ///< Transmit as R,G,W,B
+#define NEO_RGBW ((3 << 6) | (0 << 4) | (1 << 2) | (2)) ///< Transmit as R,G,B,W
+#define NEO_RBWG ((2 << 6) | (0 << 4) | (3 << 2) | (1)) ///< Transmit as R,B,W,G
+#define NEO_RBGW ((3 << 6) | (0 << 4) | (2 << 2) | (1)) ///< Transmit as R,B,G,W
+
+#define NEO_GWRB ((1 << 6) | (2 << 4) | (0 << 2) | (3)) ///< Transmit as G,W,R,B
+#define NEO_GWBR ((1 << 6) | (3 << 4) | (0 << 2) | (2)) ///< Transmit as G,W,B,R
+#define NEO_GRWB ((2 << 6) | (1 << 4) | (0 << 2) | (3)) ///< Transmit as G,R,W,B
+#define NEO_GRBW ((3 << 6) | (1 << 4) | (0 << 2) | (2)) ///< Transmit as G,R,B,W
+#define NEO_GBWR ((2 << 6) | (3 << 4) | (0 << 2) | (1)) ///< Transmit as G,B,W,R
+#define NEO_GBRW ((3 << 6) | (2 << 4) | (0 << 2) | (1)) ///< Transmit as G,B,R,W
+
+#define NEO_BWRG ((1 << 6) | (2 << 4) | (3 << 2) | (0)) ///< Transmit as B,W,R,G
+#define NEO_BWGR ((1 << 6) | (3 << 4) | (2 << 2) | (0)) ///< Transmit as B,W,G,R
+#define NEO_BRWG ((2 << 6) | (1 << 4) | (3 << 2) | (0)) ///< Transmit as B,R,W,G
+#define NEO_BRGW ((3 << 6) | (1 << 4) | (2 << 2) | (0)) ///< Transmit as B,R,G,W
+#define NEO_BGWR ((2 << 6) | (3 << 4) | (1 << 2) | (0)) ///< Transmit as B,G,W,R
+#define NEO_BGRW ((3 << 6) | (2 << 4) | (1 << 2) | (0)) ///< Transmit as B,G,R,W
+
+// Add NEO_KHZ400 to the color order value to indicate a 400 KHz device.
+// All but the earliest v1 NeoPixels expect an 800 KHz data stream, this is
+// the default if unspecified. Because flash space is very limited on ATtiny
+// devices (e.g. Trinket, Gemma), v1 NeoPixels aren't handled by default on
+// those chips, though it can be enabled by removing the ifndef/endif below,
+// but code will be bigger. Conversely, can disable the NEO_KHZ400 line on
+// other MCUs to remove v1 support and save a little space.
+
+#define NEO_KHZ800 0x0000 ///< 800 KHz data transmission
+#ifndef __AVR_ATtiny85__
+#define NEO_KHZ400 0x0100 ///< 400 KHz data transmission
+#endif
+
+// If 400 KHz support is enabled, the third parameter to the constructor
+// requires a 16-bit value (in order to select 400 vs 800 KHz speed).
+// If only 800 KHz is enabled (as is default on ATtiny), an 8-bit value
+// is sufficient to encode pixel color order, saving some space.
+
+#ifdef NEO_KHZ400
+typedef uint16_t neoPixelType; ///< 3rd arg to Adafruit_NeoPixel constructor
+#else
+typedef uint8_t neoPixelType; ///< 3rd arg to Adafruit_NeoPixel constructor
+#endif
+
+// These two tables are declared outside the Adafruit_NeoPixel class
+// because some boards may require oldschool compilers that don't
+// handle the C++11 constexpr keyword.
+
+/* A PROGMEM (flash mem) table containing 8-bit unsigned sine wave (0-255).
+ Copy & paste this snippet into a Python REPL to regenerate:
+import math
+for x in range(256):
+ print("{:3},".format(int((math.sin(x/128.0*math.pi)+1.0)*127.5+0.5))),
+ if x&15 == 15: print
+*/
+static const uint8_t PROGMEM _NeoPixelSineTable[256] = {
+ 128, 131, 134, 137, 140, 143, 146, 149, 152, 155, 158, 162, 165, 167, 170,
+ 173, 176, 179, 182, 185, 188, 190, 193, 196, 198, 201, 203, 206, 208, 211,
+ 213, 215, 218, 220, 222, 224, 226, 228, 230, 232, 234, 235, 237, 238, 240,
+ 241, 243, 244, 245, 246, 248, 249, 250, 250, 251, 252, 253, 253, 254, 254,
+ 254, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 254, 254, 254, 253, 253, 252, 251,
+ 250, 250, 249, 248, 246, 245, 244, 243, 241, 240, 238, 237, 235, 234, 232,
+ 230, 228, 226, 224, 222, 220, 218, 215, 213, 211, 208, 206, 203, 201, 198,
+ 196, 193, 190, 188, 185, 182, 179, 176, 173, 170, 167, 165, 162, 158, 155,
+ 152, 149, 146, 143, 140, 137, 134, 131, 128, 124, 121, 118, 115, 112, 109,
+ 106, 103, 100, 97, 93, 90, 88, 85, 82, 79, 76, 73, 70, 67, 65,
+ 62, 59, 57, 54, 52, 49, 47, 44, 42, 40, 37, 35, 33, 31, 29,
+ 27, 25, 23, 21, 20, 18, 17, 15, 14, 12, 11, 10, 9, 7, 6,
+ 5, 5, 4, 3, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+ 0, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 5, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11,
+ 12, 14, 15, 17, 18, 20, 21, 23, 25, 27, 29, 31, 33, 35, 37,
+ 40, 42, 44, 47, 49, 52, 54, 57, 59, 62, 65, 67, 70, 73, 76,
+ 79, 82, 85, 88, 90, 93, 97, 100, 103, 106, 109, 112, 115, 118, 121,
+ 124};
+
+/* Similar to above, but for an 8-bit gamma-correction table.
+ Copy & paste this snippet into a Python REPL to regenerate:
+import math
+gamma=2.6
+for x in range(256):
+ print("{:3},".format(int(math.pow((x)/255.0,gamma)*255.0+0.5))),
+ if x&15 == 15: print
+*/
+static const uint8_t PROGMEM _NeoPixelGammaTable[256] = {
+ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
+ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 3,
+ 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 6,
+ 6, 6, 6, 7, 7, 7, 8, 8, 8, 9, 9, 9, 10, 10, 10,
+ 11, 11, 11, 12, 12, 13, 13, 13, 14, 14, 15, 15, 16, 16, 17,
+ 17, 18, 18, 19, 19, 20, 20, 21, 21, 22, 22, 23, 24, 24, 25,
+ 25, 26, 27, 27, 28, 29, 29, 30, 31, 31, 32, 33, 34, 34, 35,
+ 36, 37, 38, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48,
+ 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63,
+ 64, 65, 66, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 75, 76, 77, 78, 80, 81,
+ 82, 84, 85, 86, 88, 89, 90, 92, 93, 94, 96, 97, 99, 100, 102,
+ 103, 105, 106, 108, 109, 111, 112, 114, 115, 117, 119, 120, 122, 124, 125,
+ 127, 129, 130, 132, 134, 136, 137, 139, 141, 143, 145, 146, 148, 150, 152,
+ 154, 156, 158, 160, 162, 164, 166, 168, 170, 172, 174, 176, 178, 180, 182,
+ 184, 186, 188, 191, 193, 195, 197, 199, 202, 204, 206, 209, 211, 213, 215,
+ 218, 220, 223, 225, 227, 230, 232, 235, 237, 240, 242, 245, 247, 250, 252,
+ 255};
+
+/*!
+ @brief Class that stores state and functions for interacting with
+ Adafruit NeoPixels and compatible devices.
+*/
+class Adafruit_NeoPixel {
+
+public:
+ // Constructor: number of LEDs, pin number, LED type
+ Adafruit_NeoPixel(uint16_t n, int16_t pin = 6,
+ neoPixelType type = NEO_GRB + NEO_KHZ800);
+ Adafruit_NeoPixel(void);
+ ~Adafruit_NeoPixel();
+
+ void begin(void);
+ void show(void);
+ void setPin(int16_t p);
+ void setPixelColor(uint16_t n, uint8_t r, uint8_t g, uint8_t b);
+ void setPixelColor(uint16_t n, uint8_t r, uint8_t g, uint8_t b, uint8_t w);
+ void setPixelColor(uint16_t n, uint32_t c);
+ void fill(uint32_t c = 0, uint16_t first = 0, uint16_t count = 0);
+ void setBrightness(uint8_t);
+ void clear(void);
+ void updateLength(uint16_t n);
+ void updateType(neoPixelType t);
+ /*!
+ @brief Check whether a call to show() will start sending data
+ immediately or will 'block' for a required interval. NeoPixels
+ require a short quiet time (about 300 microseconds) after the
+ last bit is received before the data 'latches' and new data can
+ start being received. Usually one's sketch is implicitly using
+ this time to generate a new frame of animation...but if it
+ finishes very quickly, this function could be used to see if
+ there's some idle time available for some low-priority
+ concurrent task.
+ @return 1 or true if show() will start sending immediately, 0 or false
+ if show() would block (meaning some idle time is available).
+ */
+ bool canShow(void) {
+ // It's normal and possible for endTime to exceed micros() if the
+ // 32-bit clock counter has rolled over (about every 70 minutes).
+ // Since both are uint32_t, a negative delta correctly maps back to
+ // positive space, and it would seem like the subtraction below would
+ // suffice. But a problem arises if code invokes show() very
+ // infrequently...the micros() counter may roll over MULTIPLE times in
+ // that interval, the delta calculation is no longer correct and the
+ // next update may stall for a very long time. The check below resets
+ // the latch counter if a rollover has occurred. This can cause an
+ // extra delay of up to 300 microseconds in the rare case where a
+ // show() call happens precisely around the rollover, but that's
+ // neither likely nor especially harmful, vs. other code that might
+ // stall for 30+ minutes, or having to document and frequently remind
+ // and/or provide tech support explaining an unintuitive need for
+ // show() calls at least once an hour.
+ uint32_t now = micros();
+ if (endTime > now) {
+ endTime = now;
+ }
+ return (now - endTime) >= 300L;
+ }
+ /*!
+ @brief Get a pointer directly to the NeoPixel data buffer in RAM.
+ Pixel data is stored in a device-native format (a la the NEO_*
+ constants) and is not translated here. Applications that access
+ this buffer will need to be aware of the specific data format
+ and handle colors appropriately.
+ @return Pointer to NeoPixel buffer (uint8_t* array).
+ @note This is for high-performance applications where calling
+ setPixelColor() on every single pixel would be too slow (e.g.
+ POV or light-painting projects). There is no bounds checking
+ on the array, creating tremendous potential for mayhem if one
+ writes past the ends of the buffer. Great power, great
+ responsibility and all that.
+ */
+ uint8_t *getPixels(void) const { return pixels; };
+ uint8_t getBrightness(void) const;
+ /*!
+ @brief Retrieve the pin number used for NeoPixel data output.
+ @return Arduino pin number (-1 if not set).
+ */
+ int16_t getPin(void) const { return pin; };
+ /*!
+ @brief Return the number of pixels in an Adafruit_NeoPixel strip object.
+ @return Pixel count (0 if not set).
+ */
+ uint16_t numPixels(void) const { return numLEDs; }
+ uint32_t getPixelColor(uint16_t n) const;
+ /*!
+ @brief An 8-bit integer sine wave function, not directly compatible
+ with standard trigonometric units like radians or degrees.
+ @param x Input angle, 0-255; 256 would loop back to zero, completing
+ the circle (equivalent to 360 degrees or 2 pi radians).
+ One can therefore use an unsigned 8-bit variable and simply
+ add or subtract, allowing it to overflow/underflow and it
+ still does the expected contiguous thing.
+ @return Sine result, 0 to 255, or -128 to +127 if type-converted to
+ a signed int8_t, but you'll most likely want unsigned as this
+ output is often used for pixel brightness in animation effects.
+ */
+ static uint8_t sine8(uint8_t x) {
+ return pgm_read_byte(&_NeoPixelSineTable[x]); // 0-255 in, 0-255 out
+ }
+ /*!
+ @brief An 8-bit gamma-correction function for basic pixel brightness
+ adjustment. Makes color transitions appear more perceptially
+ correct.
+ @param x Input brightness, 0 (minimum or off/black) to 255 (maximum).
+ @return Gamma-adjusted brightness, can then be passed to one of the
+ setPixelColor() functions. This uses a fixed gamma correction
+ exponent of 2.6, which seems reasonably okay for average
+ NeoPixels in average tasks. If you need finer control you'll
+ need to provide your own gamma-correction function instead.
+ */
+ static uint8_t gamma8(uint8_t x) {
+ return pgm_read_byte(&_NeoPixelGammaTable[x]); // 0-255 in, 0-255 out
+ }
+ /*!
+ @brief Convert separate red, green and blue values into a single
+ "packed" 32-bit RGB color.
+ @param r Red brightness, 0 to 255.
+ @param g Green brightness, 0 to 255.
+ @param b Blue brightness, 0 to 255.
+ @return 32-bit packed RGB value, which can then be assigned to a
+ variable for later use or passed to the setPixelColor()
+ function. Packed RGB format is predictable, regardless of
+ LED strand color order.
+ */
+ static uint32_t Color(uint8_t r, uint8_t g, uint8_t b) {
+ return ((uint32_t)r << 16) | ((uint32_t)g << 8) | b;
+ }
+ /*!
+ @brief Convert separate red, green, blue and white values into a
+ single "packed" 32-bit WRGB color.
+ @param r Red brightness, 0 to 255.
+ @param g Green brightness, 0 to 255.
+ @param b Blue brightness, 0 to 255.
+ @param w White brightness, 0 to 255.
+ @return 32-bit packed WRGB value, which can then be assigned to a
+ variable for later use or passed to the setPixelColor()
+ function. Packed WRGB format is predictable, regardless of
+ LED strand color order.
+ */
+ static uint32_t Color(uint8_t r, uint8_t g, uint8_t b, uint8_t w) {
+ return ((uint32_t)w << 24) | ((uint32_t)r << 16) | ((uint32_t)g << 8) | b;
+ }
+ static uint32_t ColorHSV(uint16_t hue, uint8_t sat = 255, uint8_t val = 255);
+ /*!
+ @brief A gamma-correction function for 32-bit packed RGB or WRGB
+ colors. Makes color transitions appear more perceptially
+ correct.
+ @param x 32-bit packed RGB or WRGB color.
+ @return Gamma-adjusted packed color, can then be passed in one of the
+ setPixelColor() functions. Like gamma8(), this uses a fixed
+ gamma correction exponent of 2.6, which seems reasonably okay
+ for average NeoPixels in average tasks. If you need finer
+ control you'll need to provide your own gamma-correction
+ function instead.
+ */
+ static uint32_t gamma32(uint32_t x);
+
+ void rainbow(uint16_t first_hue = 0, int8_t reps = 1,
+ uint8_t saturation = 255, uint8_t brightness = 255,
+ bool gammify = true);
+
+ static neoPixelType str2order(const char *v);
+
+private:
+#if defined(ARDUINO_ARCH_RP2040)
+ void rp2040Init(uint8_t pin, bool is800KHz);
+ void rp2040Show(uint8_t pin, uint8_t *pixels, uint32_t numBytes, bool is800KHz);
+#endif
+
+protected:
+#ifdef NEO_KHZ400 // If 400 KHz NeoPixel support enabled...
+ bool is800KHz; ///< true if 800 KHz pixels
+#endif
+ bool begun; ///< true if begin() previously called
+ uint16_t numLEDs; ///< Number of RGB LEDs in strip
+ uint16_t numBytes; ///< Size of 'pixels' buffer below
+ int16_t pin; ///< Output pin number (-1 if not yet set)
+ uint8_t brightness; ///< Strip brightness 0-255 (stored as +1)
+ uint8_t *pixels; ///< Holds LED color values (3 or 4 bytes each)
+ uint8_t rOffset; ///< Red index within each 3- or 4-byte pixel
+ uint8_t gOffset; ///< Index of green byte
+ uint8_t bOffset; ///< Index of blue byte
+ uint8_t wOffset; ///< Index of white (==rOffset if no white)
+ uint32_t endTime; ///< Latch timing reference
+#ifdef __AVR__
+ volatile uint8_t *port; ///< Output PORT register
+ uint8_t pinMask; ///< Output PORT bitmask
+#endif
+#if defined(ARDUINO_ARCH_STM32) || defined(ARDUINO_ARCH_ARDUINO_CORE_STM32)
+ GPIO_TypeDef *gpioPort; ///< Output GPIO PORT
+ uint32_t gpioPin; ///< Output GPIO PIN
+#endif
+#if defined(ARDUINO_ARCH_RP2040)
+ PIO pio = pio0;
+ int sm = 0;
+ bool init = true;
+#endif
+};
+
+#endif // ADAFRUIT_NEOPIXEL_H
diff --git a/Software/Software.ino b/Software/Software.ino
index 9e9ab2ce..7f2accd0 100644
--- a/Software/Software.ino
+++ b/Software/Software.ino
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
#include "ModbusServerRTU.h"
#include "ESP32CAN.h"
#include "CAN_config.h"
+#include "Adafruit_NeoPixel.h"
/* User definable settings */
#define BATTERY_WH_MAX 30000 //Battery size in Wh (Maximum value Fronius accepts is 60000 [60kWh])
@@ -104,6 +105,10 @@ uint16_t stat_batt_power = 0; //power going in/out of battery
// Create a ModbusRTU server instance listening on Serial2 with 2000ms timeout
ModbusServerRTU MBserver(Serial2, 2000);
+// LED control
+#define NUMPIXELS 1
+Adafruit_NeoPixel pixels(NUMPIXELS, WS2812_PIN, NEO_GRB + NEO_KHZ800);
+
// Setup() - initialization happens here
void setup()
{
@@ -151,19 +156,23 @@ void setup()
// Start ModbusRTU background task
MBserver.begin(Serial2);
+
+ // Init LED control
+ pixels.begin();
}
// perform main program functions
void loop()
{
- handle_can_leaf_battery();
- //every 5s
- if (millis() - previousMillisModbus >= intervalModbusTask)
- {
+ //handle_can_leaf_battery(); //runs as fast as possible
+
+ if (millis() - previousMillisModbus >= intervalModbusTask) //every 5s
+ {
previousMillisModbus = millis();
- update_values_leaf_battery();
+ update_values_leaf_battery(); //Map the values to the correct registers
handle_update_data_modbusp201(); //Updata for ModbusRTU Server for GEN24
handle_update_data_modbusp301(); //Updata for ModbusRTU Server for GEN24
+ handle_LED_state(); //Set the LED color according to state
}
}
@@ -513,7 +522,12 @@ void handle_can_leaf_battery()
LB_GIDS = (rx_frame.data.u8[0] << 2) | ((rx_frame.data.u8[1] & 0xC0) >> 6);
LB_Wh_Remaining = (LB_GIDS * WH_PER_GID);
}
- LB_StateOfHealth = (rx_frame.data.u8[4] >> 1); //Collect state of health from battery
+
+ LB_TEMP = (rx_frame.data.u8[4] >> 1);
+ if (LB_TEMP != 0)
+ {
+ LB_StateOfHealth = LB_TEMP; //Collect state of health from battery
+ }
break;
case 0x5C0: //This method only works for 2013-2017 AZE0 LEAF packs, the mux is different on other generations
if(LEAF_Battery_Type == AZE0_BATTERY)
@@ -761,3 +775,13 @@ uint16_t convert2unsignedint16(uint16_t signed_value)
return signed_value;
}
}
+
+void handle_LED_state()
+{
+ pixels.setPixelColor(0, pixels.Color(0, 80, 0)); // Green LED medium brightness
+ if(bms_status == FAULT)
+ {
+ pixels.setPixelColor(0, pixels.Color(255, 0, 0)); // Red LED full brightness
+ }
+ pixels.show(); // This sends the updated pixel color to the hardware.
+}
diff --git a/Software/esp.c b/Software/esp.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c480a205
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Software/esp.c
@@ -0,0 +1,178 @@
+// Implements the RMT peripheral on Espressif SoCs
+// Copyright (c) 2020 Lucian Copeland for Adafruit Industries
+
+/* Uses code from Espressif RGB LED Strip demo and drivers
+ * Copyright 2015-2020 Espressif Systems (Shanghai) PTE LTD
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#if defined(ESP32)
+
+#include
+#include "driver/rmt.h"
+
+#if defined(ESP_IDF_VERSION)
+#if ESP_IDF_VERSION >= ESP_IDF_VERSION_VAL(4, 0, 0)
+#define HAS_ESP_IDF_4
+#endif
+#endif
+
+// This code is adapted from the ESP-IDF v3.4 RMT "led_strip" example, altered
+// to work with the Arduino version of the ESP-IDF (3.2)
+
+#define WS2812_T0H_NS (400)
+#define WS2812_T0L_NS (850)
+#define WS2812_T1H_NS (800)
+#define WS2812_T1L_NS (450)
+
+#define WS2811_T0H_NS (500)
+#define WS2811_T0L_NS (2000)
+#define WS2811_T1H_NS (1200)
+#define WS2811_T1L_NS (1300)
+
+static uint32_t t0h_ticks = 0;
+static uint32_t t1h_ticks = 0;
+static uint32_t t0l_ticks = 0;
+static uint32_t t1l_ticks = 0;
+
+// Limit the number of RMT channels available for the Neopixels. Defaults to all
+// channels (8 on ESP32, 4 on ESP32-S2 and S3). Redefining this value will free
+// any channels with a higher number for other uses, such as IR send-and-recieve
+// libraries. Redefine as 1 to restrict Neopixels to only a single channel.
+#define ADAFRUIT_RMT_CHANNEL_MAX RMT_CHANNEL_MAX
+
+#define RMT_LL_HW_BASE (&RMT)
+
+bool rmt_reserved_channels[ADAFRUIT_RMT_CHANNEL_MAX];
+
+static void IRAM_ATTR ws2812_rmt_adapter(const void *src, rmt_item32_t *dest, size_t src_size,
+ size_t wanted_num, size_t *translated_size, size_t *item_num)
+{
+ if (src == NULL || dest == NULL) {
+ *translated_size = 0;
+ *item_num = 0;
+ return;
+ }
+ const rmt_item32_t bit0 = {{{ t0h_ticks, 1, t0l_ticks, 0 }}}; //Logical 0
+ const rmt_item32_t bit1 = {{{ t1h_ticks, 1, t1l_ticks, 0 }}}; //Logical 1
+ size_t size = 0;
+ size_t num = 0;
+ uint8_t *psrc = (uint8_t *)src;
+ rmt_item32_t *pdest = dest;
+ while (size < src_size && num < wanted_num) {
+ for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
+ // MSB first
+ if (*psrc & (1 << (7 - i))) {
+ pdest->val = bit1.val;
+ } else {
+ pdest->val = bit0.val;
+ }
+ num++;
+ pdest++;
+ }
+ size++;
+ psrc++;
+ }
+ *translated_size = size;
+ *item_num = num;
+}
+
+void espShow(uint8_t pin, uint8_t *pixels, uint32_t numBytes, boolean is800KHz) {
+ // Reserve channel
+ rmt_channel_t channel = ADAFRUIT_RMT_CHANNEL_MAX;
+ for (size_t i = 0; i < ADAFRUIT_RMT_CHANNEL_MAX; i++) {
+ if (!rmt_reserved_channels[i]) {
+ rmt_reserved_channels[i] = true;
+ channel = i;
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+ if (channel == ADAFRUIT_RMT_CHANNEL_MAX) {
+ // Ran out of channels!
+ return;
+ }
+
+#if defined(HAS_ESP_IDF_4)
+ rmt_config_t config = RMT_DEFAULT_CONFIG_TX(pin, channel);
+ config.clk_div = 2;
+#else
+ // Match default TX config from ESP-IDF version 3.4
+ rmt_config_t config = {
+ .rmt_mode = RMT_MODE_TX,
+ .channel = channel,
+ .gpio_num = pin,
+ .clk_div = 2,
+ .mem_block_num = 1,
+ .tx_config = {
+ .carrier_freq_hz = 38000,
+ .carrier_level = RMT_CARRIER_LEVEL_HIGH,
+ .idle_level = RMT_IDLE_LEVEL_LOW,
+ .carrier_duty_percent = 33,
+ .carrier_en = false,
+ .loop_en = false,
+ .idle_output_en = true,
+ }
+ };
+#endif
+ rmt_config(&config);
+ rmt_driver_install(config.channel, 0, 0);
+
+ // Convert NS timings to ticks
+ uint32_t counter_clk_hz = 0;
+
+#if defined(HAS_ESP_IDF_4)
+ rmt_get_counter_clock(channel, &counter_clk_hz);
+#else
+ // this emulates the rmt_get_counter_clock() function from ESP-IDF 3.4
+ if (RMT_LL_HW_BASE->conf_ch[config.channel].conf1.ref_always_on == RMT_BASECLK_REF) {
+ uint32_t div_cnt = RMT_LL_HW_BASE->conf_ch[config.channel].conf0.div_cnt;
+ uint32_t div = div_cnt == 0 ? 256 : div_cnt;
+ counter_clk_hz = REF_CLK_FREQ / (div);
+ } else {
+ uint32_t div_cnt = RMT_LL_HW_BASE->conf_ch[config.channel].conf0.div_cnt;
+ uint32_t div = div_cnt == 0 ? 256 : div_cnt;
+ counter_clk_hz = APB_CLK_FREQ / (div);
+ }
+#endif
+
+ // NS to tick converter
+ float ratio = (float)counter_clk_hz / 1e9;
+
+ if (is800KHz) {
+ t0h_ticks = (uint32_t)(ratio * WS2812_T0H_NS);
+ t0l_ticks = (uint32_t)(ratio * WS2812_T0L_NS);
+ t1h_ticks = (uint32_t)(ratio * WS2812_T1H_NS);
+ t1l_ticks = (uint32_t)(ratio * WS2812_T1L_NS);
+ } else {
+ t0h_ticks = (uint32_t)(ratio * WS2811_T0H_NS);
+ t0l_ticks = (uint32_t)(ratio * WS2811_T0L_NS);
+ t1h_ticks = (uint32_t)(ratio * WS2811_T1H_NS);
+ t1l_ticks = (uint32_t)(ratio * WS2811_T1L_NS);
+ }
+
+ // Initialize automatic timing translator
+ rmt_translator_init(config.channel, ws2812_rmt_adapter);
+
+ // Write and wait to finish
+ rmt_write_sample(config.channel, pixels, (size_t)numBytes, true);
+ rmt_wait_tx_done(config.channel, pdMS_TO_TICKS(100));
+
+ // Free channel again
+ rmt_driver_uninstall(config.channel);
+ rmt_reserved_channels[channel] = false;
+
+ gpio_set_direction(pin, GPIO_MODE_OUTPUT);
+}
+
+#endif