ghidra/Ghidra/Features/Decompiler/src/decompile/cpp/stringmanage.cc
2024-07-22 16:11:58 +00:00

477 lines
15 KiB
C++

/* ###
* IP: GHIDRA
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
#include "stringmanage.hh"
#include "architecture.hh"
#include "crc32.hh"
namespace ghidra {
AttributeId ATTRIB_TRUNC = AttributeId("trunc",69);
ElementId ELEM_BYTES = ElementId("bytes",83);
ElementId ELEM_STRING = ElementId("string",84);
ElementId ELEM_STRINGMANAGE = ElementId("stringmanage",85);
/// Assume the buffer contains a null terminated unicode encoded string.
/// Write the characters out (as UTF8) to the stream.
/// \param s is the output stream
/// \param buffer is the given byte buffer
/// \param size is the number of bytes in the buffer
/// \param charsize specifies the encoding (1=UTF8 2=UTF16 4=UTF32)
/// \param bigend is \b true if (UTF16 and UTF32) are big endian encoded
/// \return \b true if the byte array contains valid unicode
bool StringManager::writeUnicode(ostream &s,const uint1 *buffer,int4 size,int4 charsize,bool bigend)
{
int4 i=0;
int4 count=0;
int4 skip = charsize;
while(i<size) {
int4 codepoint = getCodepoint(buffer+i,charsize,bigend,skip);
if (codepoint < 0) return false;
if (codepoint == 0) break; // Terminator
writeUtf8(s, codepoint);
i += skip;
count += 1;
if (count >= maximumChars)
break;
}
return true;
}
/// \brief Translate and assign raw string data to a StringData object
///
/// The string data is provided as raw bytes. The data is translated to UTF-8 and truncated
/// to the \b maximumChars allowed by the manager. The encoding must be legal unicode as performed
/// by checkCharacters().
/// \param data is the StringData object to populate
/// \param buf is the raw byte array
/// \param size is the number of bytes in the array
/// \param charsize is the size of unicode encoding
/// \param numChars is the number of characters in the encoding as returned by checkCharacters()
/// \param bigend is \b true if UTF-16 and UTF-32 elements are big endian encoded
void StringManager::assignStringData(StringData &data,const uint1 *buf,int4 size,int4 charsize,int4 numChars,bool bigend)
{
if (charsize == 1 && numChars < maximumChars) {
data.byteData.reserve(size);
data.byteData.assign(buf,buf+size);
}
else {
// We need to translate to UTF8 and/or truncate
ostringstream s;
if (!writeUnicode(s, buf, size, charsize, bigend))
return;
string resString = s.str();
int4 newSize = resString.size();
data.byteData.reserve(newSize + 1);
const uint1 *ptr = (const uint1 *)resString.c_str();
data.byteData.assign(ptr,ptr+newSize);
data.byteData[newSize] = 0; // Make sure there is a null terminator
}
data.isTruncated = (numChars >= maximumChars);
}
/// \brief Calculate hash of a specific Address and contents of a byte array
///
/// Calculate a 32-bit CRC of the bytes and XOR into the upper part of the Address offset.
/// \param addr is the specific Address
/// \param buf is a pointer to the array of bytes
/// \param size is the number of bytes in the array
/// \return the 64-bit hash
uint8 StringManager::calcInternalHash(const Address &addr,const uint1 *buf,int4 size)
{
uint4 reg = 0x7b7c66a9;
for(int4 i=0;i<size;++i) {
reg = crc_update(reg, buf[i]);
}
uint8 res = addr.getOffset();
res ^= ((uint8)reg) << 32;
return res;
}
/// \param max is the maximum number of characters to allow before truncating string
StringManager::StringManager(int4 max)
{
maximumChars = max;
}
StringManager::~StringManager(void)
{
clear();
}
/// Encode the given unicode codepoint as UTF8 (1, 2, 3, or 4 bytes) and
/// write the bytes to the stream.
/// \param s is the output stream
/// \param codepoint is the unicode codepoint
void StringManager::writeUtf8(ostream &s,int4 codepoint)
{
uint1 bytes[4];
int4 size;
if (codepoint < 0)
throw LowlevelError("Negative unicode codepoint");
if (codepoint < 128) {
s.put((uint1)codepoint);
return;
}
int4 bits = mostsigbit_set(codepoint) + 1;
if (bits > 21)
throw LowlevelError("Bad unicode codepoint");
if (bits < 12) { // Encode with two bytes
bytes[0] = 0xc0 ^ ((codepoint >> 6)&0x1f);
bytes[1] = 0x80 ^ (codepoint & 0x3f);
size = 2;
}
else if (bits < 17) {
bytes[0] = 0xe0 ^ ((codepoint >> 12)&0xf);
bytes[1] = 0x80 ^ ((codepoint >> 6)&0x3f);
bytes[2] = 0x80 ^ (codepoint & 0x3f);
size = 3;
}
else {
bytes[0] = 0xf0 ^ ((codepoint >> 18) & 7);
bytes[1] = 0x80 ^ ((codepoint >> 12) & 0x3f);
bytes[2] = 0x80 ^ ((codepoint >> 6) & 0x3f);
bytes[3] = 0x80 ^ (codepoint & 0x3f);
size = 4;
}
s.write((char *)bytes, size);
}
/// Returns \b true if the data is some kind of complete string.
/// A given character data-type can be used as a hint for the encoding.
/// The string decoding can be cached internally.
/// \param addr is the given address
/// \param charType is the given character data-type
/// \return \b true if the address represents string data
bool StringManager::isString(const Address &addr,Datatype *charType)
{
bool isTrunc; // unused here
const vector<uint1> &buffer(getStringData(addr,charType,isTrunc));
return !buffer.empty();
}
/// \brief Associate string data at a code address or other location that doesn't hold string data normally
///
/// The given byte buffer is decoded, and if it represents a legal string, a non-zero hash is returned,
/// constructed from an Address associated with the string and the string data itself. The registered string
/// can be retrieved via the getStringData() method using this hash as a constant Address. If the string is not
/// legal, 0 is returned.
/// \param addr is the address to associate with the string data
/// \param buf is a pointer to the array of raw bytes encoding the string
/// \param size is the number of bytes in the array
/// \param charType is a character data-type indicating the encoding
/// \return a hash associated with the string or 0
uint8 StringManager::registerInternalStringData(const Address &addr,const uint1 *buf,int4 size,Datatype *charType)
{
int4 charsize = charType->getSize();
int4 numChars = checkCharacters(buf, size, charsize, addr.isBigEndian());
if (numChars < 0)
return 0; // Not a legal encoding
uint8 hash = calcInternalHash(addr, buf, size);
Address constAddr = addr.getSpace()->getManager()->getConstant(hash);
StringData &stringData( stringMap[constAddr] );
stringData.byteData.clear();
stringData.isTruncated = false;
assignStringData(stringData, buf, size, charsize, numChars, addr.isBigEndian());
return hash;
}
/// Encode \<stringmanage> element, with \<string> children.
/// \param encoder is the stream encoder
void StringManager::encode(Encoder &encoder) const
{
encoder.openElement(ELEM_STRINGMANAGE);
map<Address,StringData>::const_iterator iter1;
for(iter1=stringMap.begin();iter1!=stringMap.end();++iter1) {
encoder.openElement(ELEM_STRING);
(*iter1).first.encode(encoder);
const StringData &stringData( (*iter1).second );
encoder.openElement(ELEM_BYTES);
encoder.writeBool(ATTRIB_TRUNC, stringData.isTruncated);
ostringstream s;
s << '\n' << setfill('0');
for(int4 i=0;i<stringData.byteData.size();++i) {
s << hex << setw(2) << (int4)stringData.byteData[i];
if (i%20 == 19)
s << "\n ";
}
s << '\n';
encoder.writeString(ATTRIB_CONTENT, s.str());
encoder.closeElement(ELEM_BYTES);
}
encoder.closeElement(ELEM_STRINGMANAGE);
}
/// Parse a \<stringmanage> element, with \<string> children.
/// \param decoder is the stream decoder
void StringManager::decode(Decoder &decoder)
{
uint4 elemId = decoder.openElement(ELEM_STRINGMANAGE);
for (;;) {
uint4 subId = decoder.openElement();
if (subId != ELEM_STRING) break;
Address addr = Address::decode(decoder);
StringData &stringData(stringMap[addr]);
uint4 subId2 = decoder.openElement(ELEM_BYTES);
stringData.isTruncated = decoder.readBool(ATTRIB_TRUNC);
istringstream is(decoder.readString(ATTRIB_CONTENT));
int4 val;
char c1, c2;
is >> ws;
c1 = is.get();
c2 = is.get();
while ((c1 > 0) && (c2 > 0)) {
if (c1 <= '9')
c1 = c1 - '0';
else if (c1 <= 'F')
c1 = c1 + 10 - 'A';
else
c1 = c1 + 10 - 'a';
if (c2 <= '9')
c2 = c2 - '0';
else if (c2 <= 'F')
c2 = c2 + 10 - 'A';
else
c2 = c2 + 10 - 'a';
val = c1 * 16 + c2;
stringData.byteData.push_back((uint1) val);
is >> ws;
c1 = is.get();
c2 = is.get();
}
decoder.closeElement(subId2);
decoder.closeElement(subId);
}
decoder.closeElement(elemId);
}
/// \param buffer is the byte buffer
/// \param size is the number of bytes in the buffer
/// \param charsize is the presumed size (in bytes) of character elements
/// \return \b true if a string terminator is found
bool StringManager::hasCharTerminator(const uint1 *buffer,int4 size,int4 charsize)
{
for(int4 i=0;i<size;i+=charsize) {
bool isTerminator = true;
for(int4 j=0;j<charsize;++j) {
if (buffer[i+j] != 0) { // Non-zero bytes means character can't be a null terminator
isTerminator = false;
break;
}
}
if (isTerminator) return true;
}
return false;
}
/// Pull the first two bytes from the byte array and combine them in the indicated endian order
/// \param buf is the byte array
/// \param bigend is \b true to request big endian encoding
/// \return the decoded UTF16 element
inline int4 StringManager::readUtf16(const uint1 *buf,bool bigend)
{
int4 codepoint;
if (bigend) {
codepoint = buf[0];
codepoint <<= 8;
codepoint += buf[1];
}
else {
codepoint = buf[1];
codepoint <<= 8;
codepoint += buf[0];
}
return codepoint;
}
/// \brief Make sure buffer has valid bounded set of unicode
///
/// Check that the given buffer contains valid unicode.
/// If the string is encoded in UTF8 or ASCII, we get (on average) a bit of check
/// per character. For UTF16, the surrogate reserved area gives at least some check.
/// \param buf is the byte array to check
/// \param size is the size of the buffer in bytes
/// \param charsize is the UTF encoding (1=UTF8, 2=UTF16, 4=UTF32)
/// \param bigend is \b true if the (UTF16 and UTF32) characters are big endian encoded
/// \return the number of characters or -1 if there is an invalid encoding
int4 StringManager::checkCharacters(const uint1 *buf,int4 size,int4 charsize,bool bigend)
{
if (buf == (const uint1 *)0) return -1;
int4 i=0;
int4 count=0;
int4 skip = charsize;
while(i<size) {
int4 codepoint = getCodepoint(buf+i,charsize,bigend,skip);
if (codepoint < 0) return -1;
if (codepoint == 0) break;
count += 1;
i += skip;
}
return count;
}
/// One or more bytes is consumed from the array, and the number of bytes used is passed back.
/// \param buf is a pointer to the bytes in the character array
/// \param charsize is 1 for UTF8, 2 for UTF16, or 4 for UTF32
/// \param bigend is \b true for big endian encoding of the UTF element
/// \param skip is a reference for passing back the number of bytes consumed
/// \return the codepoint or -1 if the encoding is invalid
int4 StringManager::getCodepoint(const uint1 *buf,int4 charsize,bool bigend,int4 &skip)
{
int4 codepoint;
int4 sk = 0;
if (charsize==2) { // UTF-16
codepoint = readUtf16(buf,bigend);
sk += 2;
if ((codepoint>=0xD800)&&(codepoint<=0xDBFF)) { // high surrogate
int4 trail=readUtf16(buf+2,bigend);
sk += 2;
if ((trail<0xDC00)||(trail>0xDFFF)) return -1; // Bad trail
codepoint = (codepoint<<10) + trail + (0x10000 - (0xD800 << 10) - 0xDC00);
}
else if ((codepoint>=0xDC00)&&(codepoint<=0xDFFF)) return -1; // trail before high
}
else if (charsize==1) { // UTF-8
int4 val = buf[0];
if ((val&0x80)==0) {
codepoint = val;
sk = 1;
}
else if ((val&0xe0)==0xc0) {
int4 val2 = buf[1];
sk = 2;
if ((val2&0xc0)!=0x80) return -1; // Not a valid UTF8-encoding
codepoint = ((val&0x1f)<<6) | (val2 & 0x3f);
}
else if ((val&0xf0)==0xe0) {
int4 val2 = buf[1];
int4 val3 = buf[2];
sk = 3;
if (((val2&0xc0)!=0x80)||((val3&0xc0)!=0x80)) return -1; // invalid encoding
codepoint = ((val&0xf)<<12) | ((val2&0x3f)<<6) | (val3 & 0x3f);
}
else if ((val&0xf8)==0xf0) {
int4 val2 = buf[1];
int4 val3 = buf[2];
int4 val4 = buf[3];
sk = 4;
if (((val2&0xc0)!=0x80)||((val3&0xc0)!=0x80)||((val4&0xc0)!=0x80)) return -1; // invalid encoding
codepoint = ((val&7)<<18) | ((val2&0x3f)<<12) | ((val3&0x3f)<<6) | (val4 & 0x3f);
}
else
return -1;
}
else if (charsize == 4) { // UTF-32
sk = 4;
if (bigend)
codepoint = (buf[0]<<24) + (buf[1]<<16) + (buf[2]<<8) + buf[3];
else
codepoint = (buf[3]<<24) + (buf[2]<<16) + (buf[1]<<8) + buf[0];
}
else
return -1;
if (codepoint >= 0xd800) {
if (codepoint > 0x10ffff) // Bigger than maximum codepoint
return -1;
if (codepoint <= 0xdfff)
return -1; // Reserved for surrogates, invalid codepoints
}
skip = sk;
return codepoint;
}
/// \param g is the underlying architecture (and loadimage)
/// \param max is the maximum number of bytes to allow in a decoded string
StringManagerUnicode::StringManagerUnicode(Architecture *g,int4 max)
: StringManager(max)
{
glb = g;
testBuffer = new uint1[max];
}
StringManagerUnicode::~StringManagerUnicode(void)
{
delete [] testBuffer;
}
const vector<uint1> &StringManagerUnicode::getStringData(const Address &addr,Datatype *charType,bool &isTrunc)
{
map<Address,StringData>::iterator iter;
iter = stringMap.find(addr);
if (iter != stringMap.end()) {
isTrunc = (*iter).second.isTruncated;
return (*iter).second.byteData;
}
StringData &stringData(stringMap[addr]); // Allocate (initially empty) byte vector
stringData.isTruncated = false;
isTrunc = false;
if (charType->isOpaqueString()) // Cannot currently test for an opaque encoding
return stringData.byteData; // Return the empty buffer
int4 curBufferSize = 0;
int4 charsize = charType->getSize();
bool foundTerminator = false;
try {
do {
int4 amount = 32; // Grab 32 bytes of image at a time
uint4 newBufferSize = curBufferSize + amount;
if (newBufferSize > maximumChars) {
newBufferSize = maximumChars;
amount = newBufferSize - curBufferSize;
if (amount == 0) {
return stringData.byteData; // Could not find terminator
}
}
glb->loader->loadFill(testBuffer + curBufferSize, amount,
addr + curBufferSize);
foundTerminator = hasCharTerminator(testBuffer + curBufferSize, amount,
charsize);
curBufferSize = newBufferSize;
} while (!foundTerminator);
} catch (DataUnavailError &err) {
return stringData.byteData; // Return the empty buffer
}
int4 numChars = checkCharacters(testBuffer, curBufferSize, charsize, addr.isBigEndian());
if (numChars < 0)
return stringData.byteData; // Return the empty buffer (invalid encoding)
assignStringData(stringData, testBuffer, curBufferSize, charsize, numChars, addr.isBigEndian());
isTrunc = stringData.isTruncated;
return stringData.byteData;
}
} // End namespace ghidra