diff --git a/apps/demo/src/components/connect.tsx b/apps/demo/src/components/connect.tsx
index 4093e4a0..e550b844 100644
--- a/apps/demo/src/components/connect.tsx
+++ b/apps/demo/src/components/connect.tsx
@@ -162,6 +162,9 @@ function _Connect(): JSX.Element | null {
                     device = await Adb.authenticate({ readable, writable }, CredentialStore, undefined);
                     device.disconnected.then(() => {
                         globalState.setDevice(undefined, undefined);
+                    }, (e) => {
+                        globalState.showErrorDialog(e);
+                        globalState.setDevice(undefined, undefined);
                     });
                     globalState.setDevice(selectedBackend, device);
                 } catch (e) {
@@ -170,7 +173,7 @@ function _Connect(): JSX.Element | null {
                 }
             }
         } catch (e: any) {
-            globalState.showErrorDialog(e.message);
+            globalState.showErrorDialog(e);
         } finally {
             setConnecting(false);
         }
@@ -180,7 +183,7 @@ function _Connect(): JSX.Element | null {
             await globalState.device!.dispose();
             globalState.setDevice(undefined, undefined);
         } catch (e: any) {
-            globalState.showErrorDialog(e.message);
+            globalState.showErrorDialog(e);
         }
     }, []);
 
diff --git a/apps/demo/src/pages/file-manager.tsx b/apps/demo/src/pages/file-manager.tsx
index be0f6ae5..74517e44 100644
--- a/apps/demo/src/pages/file-manager.tsx
+++ b/apps/demo/src/pages/file-manager.tsx
@@ -140,8 +140,8 @@ class FileManagerState {
                                     const itemPath = path.resolve(this.path, item.name);
                                     await sync.read(itemPath)
                                         .pipeTo(saveFile(item.name, Number(item.size)));
-                                } catch (e) {
-                                    globalState.showErrorDialog(e instanceof Error ? e.message : `${e}`);
+                                } catch (e: any) {
+                                    globalState.showErrorDialog(e);
                                 } finally {
                                     sync.dispose();
                                 }
@@ -169,8 +169,8 @@ class FileManagerState {
                                         return;
                                     }
                                 }
-                            } catch (e) {
-                                globalState.showErrorDialog(e instanceof Error ? e.message : `${e}`);
+                            } catch (e: any) {
+                                globalState.showErrorDialog(e);
                             } finally {
                                 this.loadFiles();
                             }
@@ -481,8 +481,8 @@ class FileManagerState {
             } finally {
                 clearInterval(intervalId);
             }
-        } catch (e) {
-            globalState.showErrorDialog(e instanceof Error ? e.message : `${e}`);
+        } catch (e: any) {
+            globalState.showErrorDialog(e);
         } finally {
             sync.dispose();
             this.loadFiles();
diff --git a/apps/demo/src/pages/framebuffer.tsx b/apps/demo/src/pages/framebuffer.tsx
index 5c9a8b16..91a8b649 100644
--- a/apps/demo/src/pages/framebuffer.tsx
+++ b/apps/demo/src/pages/framebuffer.tsx
@@ -45,8 +45,8 @@ const FrameBuffer: NextPage = (): JSX.Element | null => {
         try {
             const framebuffer = await globalState.device.framebuffer();
             state.setImage(framebuffer);
-        } catch (e) {
-            globalState.showErrorDialog(e instanceof Error ? e.message : `${e}`);
+        } catch (e: any) {
+            globalState.showErrorDialog(e);
         }
     }, []);
 
diff --git a/apps/demo/src/pages/logcat.tsx b/apps/demo/src/pages/logcat.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..00c1645a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/demo/src/pages/logcat.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,301 @@
+// cspell: ignore logcat
+
+import { ICommandBarItemProps, Stack, StackItem } from "@fluentui/react";
+import { makeStyles, mergeClasses, shorthands } from "@griffel/react";
+import { AbortController, decodeUtf8, ReadableStream, WritableStream } from '@yume-chan/adb';
+import { Logcat, LogMessage, LogPriority } from '@yume-chan/android-bin';
+import { autorun, makeAutoObservable, observable, runInAction } from "mobx";
+import { observer } from "mobx-react-lite";
+import { NextPage } from "next";
+import Head from "next/head";
+import { CommandBar, Grid, GridColumn, GridHeaderProps, GridRowProps } from "../components";
+import { globalState } from "../state";
+import { Icons, RouteStackProps, useCallbackRef } from "../utils";
+
+const LINE_HEIGHT = 32;
+
+const useClasses = makeStyles({
+    grid: {
+        height: '100%',
+        marginLeft: '-16px',
+        marginRight: '-16px',
+    },
+    header: {
+        textAlign: 'center',
+        lineHeight: `${LINE_HEIGHT}px`,
+    },
+    row: {
+        '&:hover': {
+            backgroundColor: '#f3f2f1',
+        },
+    },
+    selected: {
+        backgroundColor: '#edebe9',
+    },
+    code: {
+        fontFamily: 'monospace',
+        textOverflow: 'ellipsis',
+        whiteSpace: 'nowrap',
+        lineHeight: LINE_HEIGHT + 'px',
+        cursor: 'default',
+        ...shorthands.overflow('hidden'),
+    },
+});
+
+export interface Column extends GridColumn {
+    title: string;
+}
+
+export interface LogRow extends LogMessage {
+    timeString?: string;
+    payloadString?: string;
+}
+
+const state = makeAutoObservable({
+    logcat: undefined as Logcat | undefined,
+    running: false,
+    list: [] as LogRow[],
+    stream: undefined as ReadableStream<LogMessage> | undefined,
+    stopSignal: undefined as AbortController | undefined,
+    selectedCount: 0,
+    start() {
+        if (this.running) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        this.running = true;
+        this.stream = this.logcat!.binary();
+        this.stopSignal = new AbortController();
+        this.stream
+            .pipeTo(
+                new WritableStream({
+                    write: (chunk) => {
+                        runInAction(() => {
+                            this.list.push(chunk);
+                        });
+                    },
+                }),
+                { signal: this.stopSignal.signal }
+            )
+            .catch(() => { });
+    },
+    stop() {
+        this.running = false;
+        this.stopSignal!.abort();
+    },
+    clear() {
+        this.list = [];
+        this.selectedCount = 0;
+    },
+    get empty() {
+        return this.list.length === 0;
+    },
+    get commandBar(): ICommandBarItemProps[] {
+        return [
+            this.running ? {
+                key: "stop",
+                text: "Stop",
+                iconProps: { iconName: Icons.Stop },
+                onClick: () => this.stop(),
+            } : {
+                key: "start",
+                text: "Start",
+                disabled: this.logcat === undefined,
+                iconProps: { iconName: Icons.Play },
+                onClick: () => this.start(),
+            },
+            {
+                key: 'clear',
+                text: 'Clear',
+                disabled: this.empty,
+                iconProps: { iconName: Icons.Delete },
+                onClick: () => this.clear(),
+            },
+            {
+                key: 'copyAll',
+                text: 'Copy Rows',
+                disabled: this.selectedCount === 0,
+                iconProps: { iconName: Icons.Copy },
+                onClick: () => {
+
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                key: 'copyText',
+                text: 'Copy Messages',
+                disabled: this.selectedCount === 0,
+                iconProps: { iconName: Icons.Copy },
+                onClick: () => {
+
+                }
+            }
+        ];
+    },
+    get columns(): Column[] {
+        return [
+            {
+                width: 200,
+                title: 'Time',
+                CellComponent: ({ rowIndex, columnIndex, className, ...rest }) => {
+                    const item = this.list[rowIndex];
+                    if (!item.timeString) {
+                        item.timeString = new Date(item.second * 1000).toISOString();
+                    }
+
+                    const classes = useClasses();
+
+                    return (
+                        <div className={mergeClasses(classes.code, className)} {...rest}>
+                            {item.timeString}
+                        </div>
+                    );
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                width: 80,
+                title: 'PID',
+                CellComponent: ({ rowIndex, columnIndex, className, ...rest }) => {
+                    const item = this.list[rowIndex];
+
+                    const classes = useClasses();
+
+                    return (
+                        <div className={mergeClasses(classes.code, className)} {...rest}>
+                            {item.pid}
+                        </div>
+                    );
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                width: 80,
+                title: 'TID',
+                CellComponent: ({ rowIndex, columnIndex, className, ...rest }) => {
+                    const item = this.list[rowIndex];
+
+                    const classes = useClasses();
+
+                    return (
+                        <div className={mergeClasses(classes.code, className)} {...rest}>
+                            {item.tid}
+                        </div>
+                    );
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                width: 100,
+                title: 'Priority',
+                CellComponent: ({ rowIndex, columnIndex, className, ...rest }) => {
+                    const item = this.list[rowIndex];
+
+                    const classes = useClasses();
+
+                    return (
+                        <div className={mergeClasses(classes.code, className)} {...rest}>
+                            {LogPriority[item.priority]}
+                        </div>
+                    );
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                width: 300,
+                flexGrow: 1,
+                title: 'Payload',
+                CellComponent: ({ rowIndex, columnIndex, className, ...rest }) => {
+                    const item = this.list[rowIndex];
+                    if (!item.payloadString) {
+                        item.payloadString = decodeUtf8(item.payload);
+                    }
+
+                    const classes = useClasses();
+
+                    return (
+                        <div className={mergeClasses(classes.code, className)} {...rest}>
+                            {item.payloadString}
+                        </div>
+                    );
+                }
+            },
+        ];
+    },
+}, {
+    list: observable.shallow,
+});
+
+console.log(state);
+
+autorun(() => {
+    if (globalState.device) {
+        state.logcat = new Logcat(globalState.device);
+    } else {
+        state.logcat = undefined;
+        if (state.running) {
+            state.stop();
+        }
+    }
+});
+
+const Header = observer(function Header({
+    className,
+    columnIndex,
+    ...rest
+}: GridHeaderProps) {
+    const classes = useClasses();
+
+    return (
+        <div className={mergeClasses(className, classes.header)} {...rest}>
+            {state.columns[columnIndex].title}
+        </div>
+    );
+});
+
+const Row = observer(function Row({
+    className,
+    rowIndex,
+    ...rest
+}: GridRowProps) {
+    const item = state.list[rowIndex];
+    const classes = useClasses();
+
+    const handleClick = useCallbackRef(() => {
+        runInAction(() => {
+        });
+    });
+
+    return (
+        <div
+            className={mergeClasses(
+                className,
+                classes.row,
+            )}
+            onClick={handleClick}
+            {...rest}
+        />
+    );
+});
+
+const LogcatPage: NextPage = () => {
+    const classes = useClasses();
+
+    return (
+        <Stack {...RouteStackProps}>
+            <Head>
+                <title>Logcat - Android Web Toolbox</title>
+            </Head>
+
+            <CommandBar items={state.commandBar} />
+
+            <StackItem grow>
+                <Grid
+                    className={classes.grid}
+                    rowCount={state.list.length}
+                    rowHeight={LINE_HEIGHT}
+                    columns={state.columns}
+                    HeaderComponent={Header}
+                    RowComponent={Row}
+                />
+            </StackItem>
+        </Stack>
+    );
+};
+
+export default observer(LogcatPage);
diff --git a/apps/demo/src/pages/packet-log.tsx b/apps/demo/src/pages/packet-log.tsx
index bbdf228a..b3204409 100644
--- a/apps/demo/src/pages/packet-log.tsx
+++ b/apps/demo/src/pages/packet-log.tsx
@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ import { autorun, makeAutoObservable, observable, runInAction } from "mobx";
 import { observer } from "mobx-react-lite";
 import { NextPage } from "next";
 import Head from "next/head";
-import { useMemo } from "react";
 import { CommandBar, Grid, GridCellProps, GridColumn, GridHeaderProps, GridRowProps, HexViewer, toText } from "../components";
 import { globalState, PacketLogItem } from "../state";
 import { Icons, RouteStackProps, useCallbackRef, withDisplayName } from "../utils";
@@ -89,158 +88,160 @@ const useClasses = makeStyles({
     },
 });
 
-const PacketLog: NextPage = () => {
-    const classes = useClasses();
+const columns: Column[] = [
+    {
+        title: 'Direction',
+        width: 100,
+        CellComponent: withDisplayName('Direction')(({ className, rowIndex, ...rest }: GridCellProps) => {
+            const item = globalState.logs[rowIndex];
 
-    const columns: Column[] = useMemo(() => [
-        {
-            key: 'direction',
-            title: 'Direction',
-            width: 100,
-            CellComponent: withDisplayName('Direction')(({ className, rowIndex, ...rest }: GridCellProps) => {
-                const item = globalState.logs[rowIndex];
-
-                return (
-                    <div
-                        className={mergeClasses(className, classes.code)}
-                        {...rest}
-                    >
-                        {item.direction}
-                    </div>
-                );
-            }),
-        },
-        {
-            key: 'command',
-            title: 'Command',
-            width: 100,
-            CellComponent: withDisplayName('Command')(({ className, rowIndex, ...rest }: GridCellProps) => {
-                const item = globalState.logs[rowIndex];
-
-                if (!item.commandString) {
-                    item.commandString =
-                        ADB_COMMAND_NAME[item.command as AdbCommand] ??
-                        decodeUtf8(new Uint32Array([item.command]));
-                }
-
-                return (
-                    <div
-                        className={mergeClasses(className, classes.code)}
-                        {...rest}
-                    >
-                        {item.commandString}
-                    </div>
-                );
-            }),
-        },
-        {
-            key: 'arg0',
-            title: 'Arg0',
-            width: 100,
-            CellComponent: withDisplayName('Command')(({ className, rowIndex, ...rest }: GridCellProps) => {
-                const item = globalState.logs[rowIndex];
-
-                if (!item.arg0String) {
-                    item.arg0String = item.arg0.toString(16).padStart(8, '0');
-                }
-
-                return (
-                    <div
-                        className={mergeClasses(className, classes.code)}
-                        {...rest}
-                    >
-                        {item.arg0String}
-                    </div>
-                );
-            }),
-        },
-        {
-            key: 'arg1',
-            title: 'Arg1',
-            width: 100,
-            CellComponent: withDisplayName('Command')(({ className, rowIndex, ...rest }: GridCellProps) => {
-                const item = globalState.logs[rowIndex];
-
-                if (!item.arg1String) {
-                    item.arg1String = item.arg0.toString(16).padStart(8, '0');
-                }
-
-                return (
-                    <div
-                        className={mergeClasses(className, classes.code)}
-                        {...rest}
-                    >
-                        {item.arg1String}
-                    </div>
-                );
-            }),
-        },
-        {
-            key: 'payload',
-            title: 'Payload',
-            width: 200,
-            flexGrow: 1,
-            CellComponent: withDisplayName('Command')(({ className, rowIndex, ...rest }: GridCellProps) => {
-                const item = globalState.logs[rowIndex];
-
-                if (!item.payloadString) {
-                    item.payloadString = toText(item.payload.subarray(0, 100));
-                }
-
-                return (
-                    <div
-                        className={mergeClasses(className, classes.code)}
-                        {...rest}
-                    >
-                        {item.payloadString}
-                    </div>
-                );
-            }),
-        },
-    ], [classes.code]);
-
-    const Header = useMemo(
-        () => withDisplayName('Header')(({
-            className,
-            columnIndex,
-            ...rest
-        }: GridHeaderProps) => {
-            return (
-                <div className={mergeClasses(className, classes.header)} {...rest}>
-                    {columns[columnIndex].title}
-                </div>
-            );
-        }),
-        [classes.header, columns]
-    );
-
-    const Row = useMemo(
-        () => observer(function Row({
-            className,
-            rowIndex,
-            ...rest
-        }: GridRowProps) {
-            /* eslint-disable-next-line */
-            const handleClick = useCallbackRef(() => {
-                runInAction(() => {
-                    state.selectedPacket = globalState.logs[rowIndex];
-                });
-            });
+            const classes = useClasses();
 
             return (
                 <div
-                    className={mergeClasses(
-                        className,
-                        classes.row,
-                        state.selectedPacket === globalState.logs[rowIndex] && classes.selected
-                    )}
-                    onClick={handleClick}
+                    className={mergeClasses(className, classes.code)}
                     {...rest}
-                />
+                >
+                    {item.direction}
+                </div>
             );
         }),
-        [classes]
+    },
+    {
+        title: 'Command',
+        width: 100,
+        CellComponent: withDisplayName('Command')(({ className, rowIndex, ...rest }: GridCellProps) => {
+            const item = globalState.logs[rowIndex];
+
+            if (!item.commandString) {
+                item.commandString =
+                    ADB_COMMAND_NAME[item.command as AdbCommand] ??
+                    decodeUtf8(new Uint32Array([item.command]));
+            }
+
+            const classes = useClasses();
+
+            return (
+                <div
+                    className={mergeClasses(className, classes.code)}
+                    {...rest}
+                >
+                    {item.commandString}
+                </div>
+            );
+        }),
+    },
+    {
+        title: 'Arg0',
+        width: 100,
+        CellComponent: withDisplayName('Command')(({ className, rowIndex, ...rest }: GridCellProps) => {
+            const item = globalState.logs[rowIndex];
+
+            if (!item.arg0String) {
+                item.arg0String = item.arg0.toString(16).padStart(8, '0');
+            }
+
+            const classes = useClasses();
+
+            return (
+                <div
+                    className={mergeClasses(className, classes.code)}
+                    {...rest}
+                >
+                    {item.arg0String}
+                </div>
+            );
+        }),
+    },
+    {
+        title: 'Arg1',
+        width: 100,
+        CellComponent: withDisplayName('Command')(({ className, rowIndex, ...rest }: GridCellProps) => {
+            const item = globalState.logs[rowIndex];
+
+            if (!item.arg1String) {
+                item.arg1String = item.arg0.toString(16).padStart(8, '0');
+            }
+
+            const classes = useClasses();
+
+            return (
+                <div
+                    className={mergeClasses(className, classes.code)}
+                    {...rest}
+                >
+                    {item.arg1String}
+                </div>
+            );
+        }),
+    },
+    {
+        title: 'Payload',
+        width: 200,
+        flexGrow: 1,
+        CellComponent: withDisplayName('Command')(({ className, rowIndex, ...rest }: GridCellProps) => {
+            const item = globalState.logs[rowIndex];
+
+            if (!item.payloadString) {
+                item.payloadString = toText(item.payload.subarray(0, 100));
+            }
+
+            const classes = useClasses();
+
+            return (
+                <div
+                    className={mergeClasses(className, classes.code)}
+                    {...rest}
+                >
+                    {item.payloadString}
+                </div>
+            );
+        }),
+    },
+];
+
+const Header = withDisplayName('Header')(({
+    className,
+    columnIndex,
+    ...rest
+}: GridHeaderProps) => {
+    const classes = useClasses();
+
+    return (
+        <div className={mergeClasses(className, classes.header)} {...rest}>
+            {columns[columnIndex].title}
+        </div>
     );
+});
+
+const Row = observer(function Row({
+    className,
+    rowIndex,
+    ...rest
+}: GridRowProps) {
+    const classes = useClasses();
+
+    const handleClick = useCallbackRef(() => {
+        runInAction(() => {
+            state.selectedPacket = globalState.logs[rowIndex];
+        });
+    });
+
+    return (
+        <div
+            className={mergeClasses(
+                className,
+                classes.row,
+                state.selectedPacket === globalState.logs[rowIndex] && classes.selected
+            )}
+            onClick={handleClick}
+            {...rest}
+        />
+    );
+});
+
+const PacketLog: NextPage = () => {
+    const classes = useClasses();
 
     return (
         <Stack {...RouteStackProps} tokens={{}}>
diff --git a/apps/demo/src/pages/scrcpy.tsx b/apps/demo/src/pages/scrcpy.tsx
index d88b7b31..28a73569 100644
--- a/apps/demo/src/pages/scrcpy.tsx
+++ b/apps/demo/src/pages/scrcpy.tsx
@@ -519,7 +519,7 @@ class ScrcpyPageState {
                 this.running = true;
             });
         } catch (e: any) {
-            globalState.showErrorDialog(e.message);
+            globalState.showErrorDialog(e);
         } finally {
             runInAction(() => {
                 this.connecting = false;
diff --git a/apps/demo/src/pages/shell.tsx b/apps/demo/src/pages/shell.tsx
index d94384a1..985400c9 100644
--- a/apps/demo/src/pages/shell.tsx
+++ b/apps/demo/src/pages/shell.tsx
@@ -51,8 +51,8 @@ const Shell: NextPage = (): JSX.Element | null => {
                     connectingRef.current = true;
                     const socket = await globalState.device.subprocess.shell();
                     terminal.socket = socket;
-                } catch (e) {
-                    globalState.showErrorDialog(e instanceof Error ? e.message : `${e}`);
+                } catch (e: any) {
+                    globalState.showErrorDialog(e);
                 } finally {
                     connectingRef.current = false;
                 }
diff --git a/apps/demo/src/state/global.ts b/apps/demo/src/state/global.ts
index 9797f827..cb4bd5dc 100644
--- a/apps/demo/src/state/global.ts
+++ b/apps/demo/src/state/global.ts
@@ -34,9 +34,13 @@ export class GlobalState {
         this.device = device;
     }
 
-    showErrorDialog(message: string) {
+    showErrorDialog(message: Error | string) {
         this.errorDialogVisible = true;
-        this.errorDialogMessage = message;
+        if (message instanceof Error) {
+            this.errorDialogMessage = message.stack!;
+        } else {
+            this.errorDialogMessage = message;
+        }
     }
 
     hideErrorDialog() {
diff --git a/apps/demo/src/utils/b-tree.ts b/apps/demo/src/utils/b-tree.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..68beac3d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/demo/src/utils/b-tree.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,247 @@
+export function binarySearch(
+    array: Uint8Array,
+    start: number,
+    end: number,
+    value: number,
+) {
+    while (start <= end) {
+        const mid = (start + end) >> 1;
+        if (array[mid] === value) {
+            return mid;
+        } else if (array[mid] < value) {
+            start = mid + 1;
+        } else {
+            end = mid - 1;
+        }
+    }
+    return -(start + 1);
+}
+
+interface BTreeInsertionResult {
+    keys: Uint8Array;
+    keyCount: number;
+    children: BTreeNode[];
+}
+
+export class BTreeNode {
+    order: number;
+
+    keys: Uint8Array;
+    keyCount: number;
+
+    children: BTreeNode[];
+
+    isLeaf = true;
+
+    public constructor(
+        order: number,
+        keys: Uint8Array,
+        keyCount: number,
+        children: BTreeNode[]
+    ) {
+        this.order = order;
+        this.keys = keys;
+        this.keyCount = keyCount;
+        this.children = children;
+    }
+
+    protected split(value: number, index: number, split?: BTreeInsertionResult): BTreeInsertionResult {
+        const keys = new Uint8Array(this.order);
+        let children: BTreeNode[];
+        const mid = this.keyCount >> 1;
+
+        if (index < mid) {
+            keys.set(this.keys.subarray(mid - 1), 0);
+
+            this.keys.set(this.keys.subarray(index, mid - 1), index + 1);
+            this.keys[index] = value;
+
+            if (split) {
+                children = this.children.splice(mid - 1, this.order - mid + 1);
+                // TODO: this may cause the underlying array to grow (re-alloc and copy)
+                // investigate if this is a problem.
+                this.children.splice(
+                    index,
+                    0,
+                    new BTreeNode(
+                        this.order,
+                        split.keys,
+                        split.keyCount,
+                        split.children
+                    ),
+                );
+            } else {
+                children = new Array(this.order);
+            }
+        } else {
+            if (index !== mid) {
+                keys.set(this.keys.subarray(mid, index), 0);
+            }
+            keys[index - mid] = value;
+            keys.set(this.keys.subarray(index), index - mid + 1);
+
+            if (split) {
+                children = this.children.splice(mid, this.order - mid);
+                children.splice(
+                    index - mid,
+                    0,
+                    new BTreeNode(
+                        this.order,
+                        split.keys.subarray(1),
+                        split.keyCount,
+                        split.children
+                    ),
+                );
+            } else {
+                children = new Array(this.order);
+            }
+        }
+
+        this.keyCount = mid;
+        return {
+            keys,
+            keyCount: this.order - 1 - mid,
+            children
+        };
+    }
+
+    public insert(value: number): BTreeInsertionResult | undefined {
+        let index = binarySearch(this.keys, 0, this.keyCount - 1, value);
+        if (index >= 0) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        index = -index - 1;
+
+        if (!this.isLeaf) {
+            let child = this.children[index];
+
+            if (!child) {
+                child = new BTreeNode(
+                    this.order,
+                    new Uint8Array(this.order - 1),
+                    0,
+                    new Array(this.order)
+                );
+                child.keys[0] = value;
+                child.keyCount = 1;
+                this.children[index] = child;
+                return;
+            }
+
+            const split = child.insert(value);
+            if (split) {
+                if (this.keyCount === this.order - 1) {
+                    value = split.keys[0];
+                    split.keys = split.keys.subarray(1);
+                    return this.split(value, index, split);
+                } else {
+                    this.keys.set(this.keys.subarray(index, this.keyCount), index + 1);
+                    this.keys[index] = split.keys[0];
+                    this.keyCount += 1;
+
+                    this.children.splice(
+                        index,
+                        0,
+                        new BTreeNode(
+                            this.order,
+                            split.keys.subarray(1),
+                            split.keyCount,
+                            split.children
+                        ),
+                    );
+                }
+            }
+
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (this.keyCount === this.order - 1) {
+            return this.split(value, index);
+        }
+
+        if (index !== this.keyCount) {
+            this.keys.set(this.keys.subarray(index, this.keyCount), index + 1);
+        }
+        this.keys[index] = value;
+        this.keyCount += 1;
+        return;
+    }
+
+    log(): any[] {
+        const result = [];
+        for (let i = 0; i < this.keyCount; i += 1) {
+            result.push(this.children[i]?.log());
+            result.push(this.keys[i]);
+        }
+        result.push(this.children[this.keyCount]?.log());
+        return result;
+    }
+}
+
+export class BTreeRoot extends BTreeNode {
+    public constructor(order: number) {
+        super(
+            order,
+            new Uint8Array(order - 1),
+            0,
+            new Array(order)
+        );
+    }
+
+    protected override split(value: number, index: number, split?: BTreeInsertionResult | undefined): BTreeInsertionResult {
+        split = super.split(value, index, split);
+
+        this.children[0] = new BTreeNode(
+            this.order,
+            this.keys,
+            this.keyCount,
+            this.children.slice(),
+        );
+        this.children[0].isLeaf = this.isLeaf;
+
+        this.children[1] = new BTreeNode(
+            this.order,
+            split.keys.subarray(1),
+            split.keyCount,
+            split.children,
+        );
+        this.children[1].isLeaf = this.isLeaf;
+
+        this.keys = new Uint8Array(this.order);
+        this.keys[0] = split.keys[0];
+        this.keyCount = 1;
+        this.isLeaf = false;
+
+        return split;
+    }
+}
+
+export class BTree {
+    order: number;
+    root: BTreeNode;
+
+    public constructor(order: number) {
+        this.order = order;
+        this.root = new BTreeRoot(order);
+    }
+
+    public has(value: number) {
+        let node = this.root;
+        while (true) {
+            const index = binarySearch(node.keys, 0, node.keyCount - 1, value);
+            if (index >= 0) {
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            node = node.children[-index - 1];
+            if (!node) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    public insert(value: number) {
+        this.root.insert(value);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/libraries/adb-credential-web/src/index.ts b/libraries/adb-credential-web/src/index.ts
index 88b871f3..42f5ead9 100644
--- a/libraries/adb-credential-web/src/index.ts
+++ b/libraries/adb-credential-web/src/index.ts
@@ -1,17 +1,6 @@
 // cspell: ignore RSASSA
 
-import { calculateBase64EncodedLength, calculatePublicKey, calculatePublicKeyLength, decodeBase64, encodeBase64, type AdbCredentialStore } from "@yume-chan/adb";
-
-const Utf8Encoder = new TextEncoder();
-const Utf8Decoder = new TextDecoder();
-
-export function encodeUtf8(input: string): Uint8Array {
-    return Utf8Encoder.encode(input);
-}
-
-export function decodeUtf8(array: Uint8Array): string {
-    return Utf8Decoder.decode(array);
-}
+import { calculateBase64EncodedLength, calculatePublicKey, calculatePublicKeyLength, decodeBase64, decodeUtf8, encodeBase64, type AdbCredentialStore } from "@yume-chan/adb";
 
 export default class AdbWebCredentialStore implements AdbCredentialStore {
     public readonly localStorageKey: string;
diff --git a/libraries/adb/README.md b/libraries/adb/README.md
index 443c61a0..78d7acb1 100644
--- a/libraries/adb/README.md
+++ b/libraries/adb/README.md
@@ -18,9 +18,10 @@ TypeScript implementation of Android Debug Bridge (ADB) protocol.
     - [AdbAuthenticator](#adbauthenticator)
     - [`authenticate`](#authenticate)
 - [Stream multiplex](#stream-multiplex)
-  - [Backend](#backend-1)
 - [Commands](#commands)
-  - [childProcess](#childprocess)
+  - [subprocess](#subprocess)
+    - [raw mode](#raw-mode)
+    - [pty mode](#pty-mode)
   - [usb](#usb)
   - [tcpip](#tcpip)
   - [sync](#sync)
@@ -48,10 +49,9 @@ Each backend may have different requirements.
 |                                 | Chrome | Edge | Firefox | Internet Explorer | Safari | Node.js             |
 | ------------------------------- | ------ | ---- | ------- | ----------------- | ------ | ------------------- |
 | `@yume-chan/struct`<sup>1</sup> | 67     | 79   | 68      | No                | 14     | 8.3<sup>2</sup>, 11 |
-| [Streams][MDN_Streams]          | 67     | 79   | No      | No                | 14.1   | 16.5                |
 | *Overall*                       | 67     | 79   | No      | No                | 14.1   | 16.5                |
 
-<sup>1</sup> `uint64` and `string` used.
+<sup>1</sup> `uint64` and `string` are used.
 
 <sup>2</sup> `TextEncoder` and `TextDecoder` are only available in `util` module. Need to be assigned to `globalThis`.
 
@@ -61,8 +61,6 @@ Each backend may have different requirements.
 | --------------- | ------ | ---- | ------- | ----------------- | ------ | ------- |
 | Top-level await | 89     | 89   | 89      | No                | 15     | 14.8    |
 
-[MDN_Streams]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Streams_API
-
 ## Connection
 
 This library doesn't tie to a specific transportation method.
@@ -79,7 +77,7 @@ connect(): ValueOrPromise<ReadableWritablePair<AdbPacketCore, AdbPacketInit>>
 
 Connect to a device and create a pair of `AdbPacket` streams.
 
-The backend is responsible for serializing and deserializing the packets, because it's extreme slow for WebUSB backend (`@yume-chan/adb-backend-webusb`) to read packets with unknown size.
+The backend, instead of the core library, is responsible for serializing and deserializing the packets. Because it's extreme slow for WebUSB backend (`@yume-chan/adb-backend-webusb`) to read packets with unknown size.
 
 ## Authentication
 
@@ -133,7 +131,7 @@ static async authenticate(
 
 Call this method to authenticate the connection and create an `Adb` instance.
 
-It's possible to call `authenticate` multiple times on a single connection, every time the device receives a `CNXN` packet, it resets its internal state, and starts a new authentication process.
+If an authentication process failed, it's possible to call `authenticate` again on the same connection (`AdbPacket` stream pair). Every time the device receives a `CNXN` packet, it resets all internal state, and starts a new authentication process.
 
 ## Stream multiplex
 
@@ -144,27 +142,36 @@ ADB commands are all based on streams. Multiple streams can send and receive at
 3. Client and server read/write on the stream.
 4. Client/server sends a `CLSE` to close the stream.
 
-The `Backend` is responsible for reading and writing data from underlying source.
-
-### Backend
-
 ## Commands
 
-### childProcess
+### subprocess
 
-Spawns child process on server. ADB has two shell modes:
+ADB has two subprocess invocation modes and two data protocols (4 combinations).
 
-|                             | Legacy mode                 | Shell Protocol               |
+#### raw mode
+
+In raw mode, Shell protocol transfers `stdout` and `stderr` separately. It also supports returning exit code.
+
+|                             | Legacy protocol             | Shell Protocol               |
 | --------------------------- | --------------------------- | ---------------------------- |
 | Feature flag                | -                           | `shell_v2`                   |
 | Implementation              | `AdbNoneSubprocessProtocol` | `AdbShellSubprocessProtocol` |
 | Splitting stdout and stderr | No                          | Yes                          |
 | Returning exit code         | No                          | Yes                          |
+
+Use `spawn` method to create a subprocess in raw mode.
+
+#### pty mode
+
+In PTY mode, the subprocess has a pseudo-terminal, so it can send special control sequences like clear screen and set cursor position. The two protocols both send data in `stdout`, but Shell Protocol also supports resizing the terminal from client.
+
+|                             | Legacy protocol             | Shell Protocol               |
+| --------------------------- | --------------------------- | ---------------------------- |
+| Feature flag                | -                           | `shell_v2`                   |
+| Implementation              | `AdbNoneSubprocessProtocol` | `AdbShellSubprocessProtocol` |
 | Resizing window             | No                          | Yes                          |
 
-The `Adb#childProcess#shell` and `Adb#childProcess#spawn` methods accepts a list of implementations, and will use the first supported one.
-
-For simple command invocation, usually the `AdbNoneSubprocessProtocol` is enough.
+Use `shell` method to create a subprocess in PTY mode.
 
 ### usb
 
diff --git a/libraries/adb/src/commands/subprocess/protocols/shell.ts b/libraries/adb/src/commands/subprocess/protocols/shell.ts
index 1e89ca1e..7d45d351 100644
--- a/libraries/adb/src/commands/subprocess/protocols/shell.ts
+++ b/libraries/adb/src/commands/subprocess/protocols/shell.ts
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ import Struct, { placeholder, type StructValueType } from "@yume-chan/struct";
 import type { Adb } from "../../../adb.js";
 import { AdbFeatures } from "../../../features.js";
 import type { AdbSocket } from "../../../socket/index.js";
-import { PushReadableStream, ReadableStream, StructDeserializeStream, StructSerializeStream, TransformStream, WritableStream, WritableStreamDefaultWriter, type PushReadableStreamController } from "../../../stream/index.js";
+import { pipeFrom, PushReadableStream, ReadableStream, StructDeserializeStream, StructSerializeStream, TransformStream, WritableStream, WritableStreamDefaultWriter, type PushReadableStreamController } from "../../../stream/index.js";
 import { encodeUtf8 } from "../../../utils/index.js";
 import type { AdbSubprocessProtocol } from "./types.js";
 
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ export class AdbSubprocessShellProtocol implements AdbSubprocessProtocol {
                 transform: (chunk, controller) => {
                     if (chunk.id === AdbShellProtocolId.Exit) {
                         this._exit.resolve(new Uint8Array(chunk.data)[0]!);
-                        // We can let `StdoutTransformStream` to process `AdbShellProtocolId.Exit`,
+                        // We can let `StdoutDeserializeStream` to process `AdbShellProtocolId.Exit`,
                         // but since we need this `TransformStream` to capture the exit code anyway,
                         // terminating child streams here is killing two birds with one stone.
                         controller.terminate();
@@ -164,9 +164,10 @@ export class AdbSubprocessShellProtocol implements AdbSubprocessProtocol {
             .pipeThrough(new StructSerializeStream(AdbShellProtocolPacket))
             .pipeTo(socket.writable);
 
-        const { readable, writable } = new StdinSerializeStream();
-        this._stdin = writable;
-        readable.pipeTo(multiplexer.createWriteable());
+        this._stdin = pipeFrom(
+            multiplexer.createWriteable(),
+            new StdinSerializeStream()
+        );
 
         this._socketWriter = multiplexer.createWriteable().getWriter();
     }
diff --git a/libraries/adb/src/commands/sync/sync.ts b/libraries/adb/src/commands/sync/sync.ts
index d2096b43..41337881 100644
--- a/libraries/adb/src/commands/sync/sync.ts
+++ b/libraries/adb/src/commands/sync/sync.ts
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ export class AdbSync extends AutoDisposable {
                 if (this.needPushMkdirWorkaround) {
                     // It may fail if the path is already existed.
                     // Ignore the result.
-                    // TODO: test this
+                    // TODO: sync: test this
                     await this.adb.subprocess.spawnAndWait([
                         'mkdir',
                         '-p',
diff --git a/libraries/adb/src/socket/dispatcher.ts b/libraries/adb/src/socket/dispatcher.ts
index 89ef9530..a3d4b338 100644
--- a/libraries/adb/src/socket/dispatcher.ts
+++ b/libraries/adb/src/socket/dispatcher.ts
@@ -45,9 +45,6 @@ export class AdbPacketDispatcher extends AutoDisposable {
     private readonly incomingSocketEvent = this.addDisposable(new EventEmitter<AdbIncomingSocketEventArgs>());
     public get onIncomingSocket() { return this.incomingSocketEvent.event; }
 
-    private readonly errorEvent = this.addDisposable(new EventEmitter<Error>());
-    public get onError() { return this.errorEvent.event; }
-
     private _abortController = new AbortController();
 
     public constructor(
@@ -83,8 +80,6 @@ export class AdbPacketDispatcher extends AutoDisposable {
                                 return;
                         }
                     } catch (e) {
-                        this.errorEvent.fire(e as Error);
-
                         // Throw error here will stop the pipe
                         // But won't close `readable` because of `preventCancel: true`
                         throw e;
@@ -96,8 +91,8 @@ export class AdbPacketDispatcher extends AutoDisposable {
             })
             .then(() => {
                 this.dispose();
-            }, () => {
-                // TODO: AdbPacketDispatcher: reject `_disconnected` when pipe errored?
+            }, (e) => {
+                this._disconnected.reject(e);
                 this.dispose();
             });
 
diff --git a/libraries/adb/src/stream/transform.ts b/libraries/adb/src/stream/transform.ts
index 098cba12..71ba0f99 100644
--- a/libraries/adb/src/stream/transform.ts
+++ b/libraries/adb/src/stream/transform.ts
@@ -475,8 +475,8 @@ export class PushReadableStream<T> extends ReadableStream<T> {
                 waterMarkLow?.resolve();
             },
             cancel: async (reason) => {
-                waterMarkLow?.reject(reason);
                 canceled.abort();
+                waterMarkLow?.reject(reason);
             },
         }, strategy);
     }
diff --git a/libraries/adb/src/utils/encoding.ts b/libraries/adb/src/utils/encoding.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index 29093ffc..00000000
--- a/libraries/adb/src/utils/encoding.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
-
-// @ts-expect-error @types/node missing `TextEncoder`
-const Utf8Encoder = new TextEncoder();
-// @ts-expect-error @types/node missing `TextDecoder`
-const Utf8Decoder = new TextDecoder();
-
-export function encodeUtf8(input: string): Uint8Array {
-    return Utf8Encoder.encode(input);
-}
-
-export function decodeUtf8(buffer: ArrayBufferView | ArrayBuffer): string {
-    return Utf8Decoder.decode(buffer);
-}
diff --git a/libraries/adb/src/utils/index.ts b/libraries/adb/src/utils/index.ts
index 92f6cdbb..fc514ee2 100644
--- a/libraries/adb/src/utils/index.ts
+++ b/libraries/adb/src/utils/index.ts
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
+export { decodeUtf8, encodeUtf8 } from '@yume-chan/struct';
 export * from './auto-reset-event.js';
 export * from './base64.js';
-export * from './encoding.js';
diff --git a/libraries/android-bin/package.json b/libraries/android-bin/package.json
index f37eb5a4..4810207a 100644
--- a/libraries/android-bin/package.json
+++ b/libraries/android-bin/package.json
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@
     },
     "dependencies": {
         "@yume-chan/adb": "^0.0.12",
+        "@yume-chan/struct": "^0.0.12",
         "tslib": "^2.3.1"
     }
 }
diff --git a/libraries/android-bin/src/index.ts b/libraries/android-bin/src/index.ts
index c9c23c66..829476e8 100644
--- a/libraries/android-bin/src/index.ts
+++ b/libraries/android-bin/src/index.ts
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+// cspell: ignore logcat
+
 export * from './bug-report.js';
 export * from './demo-mode.js';
+export * from './logcat.js';
 export * from './settings.js';
diff --git a/libraries/android-bin/src/logcat.ts b/libraries/android-bin/src/logcat.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..dc0cb6c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libraries/android-bin/src/logcat.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+// cspell: ignore logcat
+
+import { AdbCommandBase, BufferedStream, BufferedStreamEndedError, DecodeUtf8Stream, ReadableStream, SplitLineStream, WritableStream } from "@yume-chan/adb";
+import Struct, { StructAsyncDeserializeStream } from "@yume-chan/struct";
+
+// `adb logcat` is an alias to `adb shell logcat`
+// so instead of adding to core library, it's implemented here
+
+// https://cs.android.com/android/platform/superproject/+/master:system/logging/liblog/include/android/log.h;l=141;drc=82b5738732161dbaafb2e2f25cce19cd26b9157d
+export enum LogId {
+    All = -1,
+    Main,
+    Radio,
+    Events,
+    System,
+    Crash,
+    Stats,
+    Security,
+    Kernel,
+}
+
+export enum LogPriority {
+    Unknown,
+    Default,
+    Verbose,
+    Info,
+    Warn,
+    Error,
+    Fatal,
+    Silent,
+}
+
+export interface LogcatOptions {
+    pid?: number;
+    ids?: LogId[];
+}
+
+const NANOSECONDS_PER_SECOND = BigInt(1e9);
+
+// https://cs.android.com/android/platform/superproject/+/master:system/logging/liblog/include/log/log_read.h;l=39;drc=82b5738732161dbaafb2e2f25cce19cd26b9157d
+export const LoggerEntry =
+    new Struct({ littleEndian: true })
+        .uint16('payloadSize')
+        .uint16('headerSize')
+        .int32('pid')
+        .uint32('tid')
+        .uint32('second')
+        .uint32('nanoseconds')
+        .uint32('logId')
+        .uint32('uid')
+        .extra({
+            get timestamp() {
+                return BigInt(this.second) * NANOSECONDS_PER_SECOND + BigInt(this.nanoseconds);
+            },
+        });
+
+export type LoggerEntry = typeof LoggerEntry['TDeserializeResult'];
+
+export interface LogMessage extends LoggerEntry {
+    priority: LogPriority;
+    payload: Uint8Array;
+}
+
+export async function deserializeLogMessage(stream: StructAsyncDeserializeStream): Promise<LogMessage> {
+    const entry = await LoggerEntry.deserialize(stream);
+    await stream.read(entry.headerSize - LoggerEntry.size);
+    const priority = (await stream.read(1))[0] as LogPriority;
+    const payload = await stream.read(entry.payloadSize - 1);
+    return { ...entry, priority, payload };
+}
+
+export interface LogSize {
+    id: LogId;
+    size: number;
+    readable?: number;
+    consumed: number;
+    maxEntrySize: number;
+    maxPayloadSize: number;
+}
+
+export class Logcat extends AdbCommandBase {
+    public static logIdToName(id: LogId): string {
+        return LogId[id]!;
+    }
+
+    public static logNameToId(name: string): LogId {
+        const key = name[0]!.toUpperCase() + name.substring(1);
+        return (LogId as any)[key];
+    }
+
+    public static joinLogId(ids: LogId[]): string {
+        return ids.map(id => Logcat.logIdToName(id)).join(',');
+    }
+
+    public static parseSize(value: number, multiplier: string): number {
+        const MULTIPLIERS = ['', 'Ki', 'Mi', 'Gi'];
+        return value * 1024 ** (MULTIPLIERS.indexOf(multiplier) || 0);
+    }
+
+    // TODO: logcat: Support output format before Android 10
+    // ref https://android-review.googlesource.com/c/platform/system/core/+/748128
+    public static readonly LOG_SIZE_REGEX_10 = /(.*): ring buffer is (.*) (.*)B \((.*) (.*)B consumed\), max entry is (.*) B, max payload is (.*) B/;
+
+    // Android 11 added `readable` part
+    // ref https://android-review.googlesource.com/c/platform/system/core/+/1390940
+    public static readonly LOG_SIZE_REGEX_11 = /(.*): ring buffer is (.*) (.*)B \((.*) (.*)B consumed, (.*) (.*)B readable\), max entry is (.*) B, max payload is (.*) B/;
+
+    public async getLogSize(ids?: LogId[]): Promise<LogSize[]> {
+        const { stdout } = await this.adb.subprocess.spawn([
+            'logcat',
+            '-g',
+            ...(ids ? ['-b', Logcat.joinLogId(ids)] : [])
+        ]);
+
+        const result: LogSize[] = [];
+        await stdout
+            .pipeThrough(new DecodeUtf8Stream())
+            .pipeThrough(new SplitLineStream())
+            .pipeTo(new WritableStream({
+                write(chunk) {
+                    let match = chunk.match(Logcat.LOG_SIZE_REGEX_11);
+                    if (match) {
+                        result.push({
+                            id: Logcat.logNameToId(match[1]!),
+                            size: Logcat.parseSize(Number.parseInt(match[2]!, 10), match[3]!),
+                            readable: Logcat.parseSize(Number.parseInt(match[6]!, 10), match[7]!),
+                            consumed: Logcat.parseSize(Number.parseInt(match[4]!, 10), match[5]!),
+                            maxEntrySize: parseInt(match[8]!, 10),
+                            maxPayloadSize: parseInt(match[9]!, 10),
+                        });
+                    }
+
+                    match = chunk.match(Logcat.LOG_SIZE_REGEX_10);
+                    if (match) {
+                        result.push({
+                            id: Logcat.logNameToId(match[1]!),
+                            size: Logcat.parseSize(Number.parseInt(match[2]!, 10), match[3]!),
+                            consumed: Logcat.parseSize(Number.parseInt(match[4]!, 10), match[5]!),
+                            maxEntrySize: parseInt(match[6]!, 10),
+                            maxPayloadSize: parseInt(match[7]!, 10),
+                        });
+                    }
+                },
+            }));
+
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    public async clear(ids?: LogId[]) {
+        await this.adb.subprocess.spawnAndWait([
+            'logcat',
+            '-c',
+            ...(ids ? ['-b', Logcat.joinLogId(ids)] : []),
+        ]);
+    }
+
+    public binary(options?: LogcatOptions): ReadableStream<LogMessage> {
+        let bufferedStream: BufferedStream;
+        return new ReadableStream({
+            start: async () => {
+                const { stdout } = await this.adb.subprocess.spawn([
+                    'logcat',
+                    '-B',
+                    ...(options?.pid ? ['--pid', options.pid.toString()] : []),
+                    ...(options?.ids ? ['-b', Logcat.joinLogId(options.ids)] : [])
+                ]);
+                bufferedStream = new BufferedStream(stdout);
+            },
+            async pull(controller) {
+                try {
+                    const entry = await deserializeLogMessage(bufferedStream);
+                    controller.enqueue(entry);
+                } catch (e) {
+                    if (e instanceof BufferedStreamEndedError) {
+                        controller.close();
+                        return;
+                    }
+
+                    throw e;
+                }
+            },
+            cancel() {
+                bufferedStream.close();
+            },
+        });
+    }
+}
diff --git a/libraries/scrcpy/src/utils.ts b/libraries/scrcpy/src/utils.ts
index 09658664..4a698a96 100644
--- a/libraries/scrcpy/src/utils.ts
+++ b/libraries/scrcpy/src/utils.ts
@@ -3,14 +3,3 @@ export function delay(time: number): Promise<void> {
         (globalThis as any).setTimeout(resolve, time);
     });
 }
-
-const Utf8Encoder = new TextEncoder();
-const Utf8Decoder = new TextDecoder();
-
-export function encodeUtf8(input: string): ArrayBuffer {
-    return Utf8Encoder.encode(input).buffer;
-}
-
-export function decodeUtf8(buffer: ArrayBuffer): string {
-    return Utf8Decoder.decode(buffer);
-}
diff --git a/libraries/struct/src/utils.ts b/libraries/struct/src/utils.ts
index 410ae8b2..df77eafb 100644
--- a/libraries/struct/src/utils.ts
+++ b/libraries/struct/src/utils.ts
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ export function placeholder<T>(): T {
 
 // Node.js 8.3 ships `TextEncoder` and `TextDecoder` in `util` module.
 // But using top level await to load them requires Node.js 14.1.
-// So there is no point to do that. Let's just assume they exists in global.
+// So there is no point to do that. Let's just assume they exist in global.
 
 // @ts-expect-error
 const Utf8Encoder = new TextEncoder();
@@ -65,6 +65,6 @@ export function encodeUtf8(input: string): Uint8Array {
     return Utf8Encoder.encode(input);
 }
 
-export function decodeUtf8(buffer: Uint8Array): string {
+export function decodeUtf8(buffer: ArrayBufferView | ArrayBuffer): string {
     return Utf8Decoder.decode(buffer);
 }